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Dr. Nina Bresnihan
Assistant Professor, Computer Science

Biography

Nina Bresnihan is an Assistant Professor and Course Director of Computer Science Joint Honours in the School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin. She is a co-convenor of the Centre for Research in IT and Education (CRITE). Her research interests include Computational Thinking, Computing Education, and Gender and Computing. Her current focus is on Parental Involvement in Computer Science Education.

Publications and Further Research Outputs

Peer-Reviewed Publications

N. Bresnihan, L. Caldwell, M. O'Mahony, R. Millwood and G. Strong, WIP: Fostering Community Integration Through Family Creative Coding, 2025 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), Nashville, TN, USA, Nov 2-5, 2025, IEEE, 2025, pp1 - 5 Conference Paper, 2025 DOI TARA - Full Text

Glenn Strong, Nina Bresnihan, Brendan Tangney, Supporting Learners in the Transition from Block-Based to Text-Based Programming, a Systematic Review, Journal of Computer Languages, 2025 Journal Article, 2025 DOI

Strong, Glenn and North, Ben and Gillespie, Brian and Fiori, Sara and Wallace, Duncan and Bresnihan, Nina, Experiences Trialling a Novel Block-to-text Environment in a Summer School Context, Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 1, Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education, New York, NY, USA, 8-10 July 2024, Association for Computing Machinery, 2024, pp150 - 156 Conference Paper, 2024 DOI

Family learning in the context of computer science education in, editor(s)Leask, M., & Younie, S , Teaching and Learning with Technologies in the Primary School, London, Routledge, 2024, pp299 - 317, [Bresnihan, N., Millwood, R., Strong, G., & Caldwell, L] Book Chapter, 2024 DOI

Strong, Glenn and North, Ben and Fiori, Sara and Wallace, Duncan and Bresnihan, Nina and Gillespie, Brian, Pytch - Supporting your Teaching of Coding in the Classroom, Proceedings of the 2024 on Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education V. 2, Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education ITCSE 2024, New York, NY, USA, Association for Computing Machinery, 2024, pp779-780 Conference Paper, 2024 DOI

Strong, Glenn and North, Ben and Fiori, Sara and Gillespie, Brian and Bresnihan, Nina, Pytch - Supporting Learners over the Bridge from Blocks to Text, Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on United Kingdom & Ireland Computing Education Research, UKICER '23, Swansea, Wales, September 7-8, 2023, Association for Computing Machinery, 2023, pp1 Conference Paper, 2023 URL DOI

Developing Confident Computational Thinking through Teacher Twinning Online in, editor(s)Information Resources Management Association , Research Anthology on Computational Thinking, Programming, and Robotics in the Classroom, Hershey, Pennsylvania, IGI Global, 2021, pp427 - 441, [Elizabeth Oldham, Pamela Cowan, Richard Millwood, Glenn Strong, Nina Bresnihan, Mags Amond, and Lisa Hegarty] Book Chapter, 2021 URL DOI

Nina Bresnihan, Aibhín Bray, Lorraine Fisher, Glenn Strong, Richard Millwood, Brendan Tangney, Parental Involvement in Computer Science Education and Computing Attitudes and Behaviours in the Home: Model and Scale Development, ACM Transactions on Computing Education, 21, (3), 2021, p1 - 24 Journal Article, 2021 DOI

Prior Programming Experience of Undergraduate Computing and Engineering Students in Ireland in, editor(s)Tatnall A. , Encyclopedia of Education and Information Technologies, Cham, Springer, 2020, [Strong G., Higgins C., Bresnihan N., Millwood R.] Book Chapter, 2020 DOI

Increasing Parental Involvement in Computer Science Education Through the Design and Development of Family Creative Computing Workshops in, editor(s)H. Chad Lane, Susan Zvacek, and James Uhomoibhi , Communications in Computer and Information Science, 1220, Springer Nature, 2020, pp479 - 502, [Bresnihan N., Strong G., Fisher L., Millwood R., Lynch A.] Book Chapter, 2020 DOI

Bresnihan, N.; Strong, G.; Fisher, L.; Millwood, R. and Lynch, Á, OurKidsCode: Facilitating Families to Be Creative with Computing, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, CSEDU 2019 : 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, Heraklion,Crete, May 2- May 4, 2019, 1, 2019, pp519 - 530 Conference Paper, 2019 DOI

Nina Bresnihan, Glenn Strong, Lorraine Fisher, Richard Millwood, and Áine Lynch, OurKidsCode: a National Programme to get Families Involved in CS Education, Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (ITiCSE '19), Aberdeen, Scotland UK, July 15-17, 2019, ACM, 2019, pp298 - 298 Conference Paper, 2019 DOI

Oldham, Elizabeth; Cowan, Pamela; Millwood, Richard; Strong, Glenn; Bresnihan, Nina; Amond, Mags; Hegarty, Lisa, Developing Confident Computational Thinking through Teacher Twinning Online, International Journal of Smart Education and Urban Society (IJSEUS) , 9, (1), 2018, p61 - 75 Journal Article, 2018 DOI

Strong, G., O'Carroll, S., & Bresnihan, N., A block based editor for Python, Proceedings of the 13th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, 13th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education , Potsdam, Germany, October 2018, ACM, 2018, pp30 - 31 Conference Paper, 2018

Richard Millwood, Elizabeth Oldham, Pamela Cowan, Glenn Strong, Nina Bresnihan, Mags Amond, and Lisa Hegarty, Art and Programming in Pairs to Develop Computational Thinking, 2017 ATEE Annual Conference: Changing Perspectives and Approaches in Contemporary Teaching, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 23-25 October 2017, 2017 Conference Paper, 2017

Elizabeth Oldham, Pamela Cowan, Richard Millwood, Glenn Strong, Nina Bresnihan, Mags Amond, and Lisa Hegarty, Developing confident computational thinking through teacher twinning online, 2017 ATEE Spring Conference - Innovation, Technologies and Research in Education, Riga, Latvia, 12-13th May 2017, 2017 Conference Paper, 2017

Strong, G., Higgins, C., Bresnihan, N., Millwood, R., A Survey of the Prior Programming Experience of Undergraduate Computing and Engineering Students in Ireland, IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, World Conference on Computers in Education (WCCE), Dublin, 3-6 July 2017, edited by Tatnall A., Webb M. , 515, Springer, 2017, pp473 - 483 Conference Paper, 2017 URL DOI

Elizabeth Oldham, Pamela Cowan, Richard Millwood, Glenn Strong, Nina Bresnihan, Mags Amond, and Lisa Hegarty, CTwins: Does Computational Thinking win when Coding Twins are born?, Educational Studies Association of Ireland Annual Conference, Cork, Ireland, 20-22 April 2017, 2017 Conference Paper, 2017

Richard Millwood, Glenn Strong, Nina Bresnihan, and Pamela Cowan., CTWINS - improving Computational Thinking confidence in educators through paired activities, Proceedings of the 11th Workshop in Primary and Secondary Computing Education, ACM, New York, NY, USA., 2016, pp106 - 108 Conference Paper, 2016 URL

Sullivan, K., Byrne, J. R., Bresnihan, N., O'Sullivan, K. & Tangney, B.,, Designing an After School Computing Programme for Girls, 45th Annual Conference Frontiers in Education (FIE), El Paso, USA, 2015, edited by IEEE , (32614 2015), IEEE, 2015, pp1 - 5 Conference Paper, 2015 DOI

Bresnihan, N., Byrnes J., Millwood, R., Strong, G., Scratching through the Ceiling, Scratch AMS 7th International Scratch Conference, Amsterdam, 12-15 August 2015, 2015 Conference Paper, 2015

Nina Bresnihan, Richard Millwood, Elizabeth Oldham, Glenn Strong and Diana Wilson, A critique of the current trend to implement computing in schools, Pedagogika, 65, (3), 2015, p292 - 300 Journal Article, 2015 URL

Kirrane, R., Bresnihan, N., O'Reilly, C. & Kehoe, S., Blended Learning for Gifted Learners - Exploring the Flipped Classroom, WCGTC World Conference 2015, Odense Denmark, 10-15 August 2015, 2015 Conference Paper, 2015

Bresnihan, N., Millwood, R., Strong, G. , Defining Computational Thinking across the Lifecourse, British Education Research Association (BERA) Annual Conference 2015, Belfast, Northern Ireland, September 15-17, 201, 2015 Conference Paper, 2015

Kirrane, R. & Bresnihan, N., The Flipped Classroom: Aligning Appropriate Strategies through Pedagogical Analysis., EdTech2014: The 15th Educational Technology Conference of the Irish Learning Technology Association (ILTA), Dublin, Ireland, May 2014, 2014 Conference Paper, 2014

Kirrane, R. & Bresnihan, N., Digital Age Pedagogies and Gifted Students: The Flipped Classroom Approach, The 14th International Conference of the European Council for Higher Ability (ECHA), Ljubljana, Slovenia, September, 2014, 2014 Conference Paper, 2014

Moloney E. and Bresnihan, N., Can a WordPress Blog with Asynchronous Chat Aid the Motivation of Irish Oral Students?, EdTech 2013, UCC, Cork, Ireland, 30th-31st May 2013, 2013 Conference Paper, 2013

Lupton, B. and Bresnihan, N., Exploratory Case Studies at the Interface of Divergent Thinking and Online Learning, EdTech 2012: Digital Literacies for Life, NUI Maynooth, Ireland, 31 May-1 June 2012, 2012 Conference Paper, 2012

Bresnihan, N., Can ICT be Successfully Utilised to Support and Scaffold the Activities of Writing Support Groups for Novice Researchers?, CELT 2012: The Written Word - Writing Publishing and Communication in Higher Education, NUI Galway, Ireland, 7-8th June, 2012 , 2012 Conference Paper, 2012

Sharing Places, Enhancing Spaces: An Investigation into the Effects of Mobile Networking Technologies on Physical Communities in, editor(s)Morgan, K., Brebbia, C.A., Sanchez, J. and Voiskounsky, A. , Human Perspectives in the Internet Society: Culture, Psychology and Gender, Southhampton, WIT Press, 2004, pp387 - 396, [Bresnihan, N., and Doyle, L.] Book Chapter, 2004

Bresnihan, N., and Doyle, L., , An Investigation into the Effects of Mobile Networking Technologies on Physical Communities, International conference Culture & Impact , Cadiz, Spain, 8-10 September, 2004, pp387 - 400 Conference Paper, 2004 URL

Bresnihan, N., and Doyle, L., Re-placing Communities: The Case for the Use of Networking Technologies to Enhance Local Awareness of Physically Shared Spaces, CiberArt Bilbao , Bilbao, Spain, 25 - 29 April 2004, 2004, pp200 - 215 Conference Paper, 2004

Non-Peer-Reviewed Publications

Nina Bresnihan, OurKidsCode: Developing a Sustainable Family-led STEM-learning Ecosystem for Rural Ireland, E3: Balanced Solutions for a Better World webinar series, Online, 27/02/2026, 2026, E3, Trinity College Dublin Invited Talk, 2026 URL

Nina Bresnihan, OurKidsCode: Parent-led family STEAM clubs, Discover Partners Meeting, Croke Park, Dublin, 05th March, 2025, Research Ireland Invited Talk, 2025

Caldwell, L., O"Callaghan, M., Millwood, R., Bresnihan, N., OurKidsCode Impact Report 2021-2024, Trinity College Dublin, 2025 Report, 2025 URL

Nina Bresnihan, OurKidsCode: Family Coding Clubs, Research Ireland Forum, Aviva Stadium Dublin, 5th June, 2025, Research Ireland Invited Talk, 2025

N Bresnihan, A Bray, L Fisher, G Strong, R Millwood, B Tangney, Parental involvement in computer science education and computing attitudes and behaviours in the home: Model and scale development, ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGSCE) 2022, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, March 2-7, 2022, ACM SIGSCE Invited Talk, 2022 URL

Nina Bresnihan, OurKidsCode: Family Creative Coding Workshops, CoderDojo Coolest Projects, RDS, Dublin , 26 May, 2018, CoderDojo Invited Talk, 2018

Richard Millwood, Nina Bresnihan, Dermot Walsh, and Joy Hooper, Review of Literature on Computational Thinking, https://www.ncca.ie/media/3557/primary-coding_review-of-literature-on-computational-thinking.pdf, National Council for Curriculum Assessment, 2018 Report, 2018

Research Expertise

Description

My research is situated within Computer Science Education (CSE), focusing on broadening participation. Through engaged research methodologies, I investigate barriers to STEM participation among underrepresented groups, working collaboratively with communities to co-design sustainable approaches to engagement. My research develops evidence-based models that support inclusion, inform educational practice, and address systemic inequities in STEM learning. My principal research contribution has been as PI of the OurKidsCode project (RI-funded since 2017). Initially focused on understanding how parental involvement can enhance equity and access in computing, it has developed into a sustained research programme, examining how family and community engagement can support participation, persistence and inclusion. Its key contributions include a social-constructivist, family-centred model of STEM learning and an engaged research framework for sustained community participation. OurKidsCode is now nationally recognised with demonstrable impact on policy and practice. Since 2021, it has engaged over 8,000 participants in family-coding workshops and trained over 100 facilitators across Ireland and Northern Ireland with research demonstrating how family-centred approaches can support enduring, community-led STEM activity. Of note is the progression from intervention-based studies to research that informs educational practice and public policy. Partnerships with educational, civic and community organisations have enabled translation of research into practice, including using family-learning approaches to support implementation of the new Primary STEM Curriculum. Through partnership with the Department of Rural and Community Development, findings have contributed to national initiatives to bring digital skills to rural areas. Building on this, I am currently leading a research team of four to examine sustainable STEM ecosystems in partnership with refugee communities, low-income families, and families with visual impairments. Alongside OurKidsCode, I am research-lead on the Pytch project, addressing participation in computing. I contribute research leadership as Co-Director of the Centre for Research in IT and Education and as Trinity Access Programme Academic Liaison, overseeing research into their STEM access programmes. I was previously (2015-20) co-founder of the Computational Thinking for Life (CT4L) group which brought together academics from 4 higher level institutions (TCD, TUD, QUB and Cardiff University), educators, and industry. Collectively this demonstrates clear progression in the scope, scale, and impact of my research. It has generated high-quality publications, secured over €1.65 million in funding as PI (plus €236,260 in-kind) and established my standing as a leader in CSE research through national and international collaborations, invited talks, and commissioned work. Looking ahead, this will be extended through larger-scale longitudinal and interdisciplinary research that advances understanding of sustainable pathways into STEM for underrepresented communities while further strengthening impact on policy, practice and social inclusion.

Projects

  • Title
    • OurKidsCode Family Coding Clubs
  • Summary
    • OurKidsCode research is committed to providing a secure evidence base for best practice in supporting parental involvement in children's computing education, thereby contributing to greater diversity in the field. We achieve this by providing meaningful STEAM learning opportunities for families with primary-aged children. From 2021-2024 we had a particular focus on rural communities where access to such initiatives is often limited. We are continuing that work and expanding our focus to other under-served communities.
  • Funding Agency
    • Research Ireland
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2025
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2026
  • Title
    • Pytch: An Inclusive Platform to Bridge Block to Text Programming
  • Funding Agency
    • Research Ireland
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2025
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2026
  • Title
    • OurKidsCode: Establishing and sustaining family creative-coding clubs across Ireland
  • Summary
    • This funding supports the further expansion of the OurKidsCode project by supporting communities throughout rural Ireland to establish and run family-run coding clubs. A partnership with the Department of Rural and Community Development, provides access to over 300 Broadband Connection Points, local expertise and further funding for training and delivery, thereby embedding the programme into rural communities and providing opportunities and support for self-sustaining family STEAM activities. The infrastructure established will also be available to other providers, greatly increasing the capacity to deliver STEAM Education across Ireland.
  • Funding Agency
    • SFI
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2023
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2024
  • Title
    • Pytch Phase 2: Bridging Blocks to Text in the Curriculum
  • Summary
    • Our Pytch programming environment, created with support from SFI Discover, is a system to help learners at a crucial stage in computing education. The transition from block-based programming to text-based programming is widely recognised as a challenge to learners and educators alike. Pytch's unique insight in addressing this difficulty is the preservation of the Scratch-style programming model within a Python programming environment. Our results from phase 1 indicate that we have a novel, powerful approach that can support learners more effectively than existing systems. At the same time our user engagement has revealed the need to expand the platform, in two senses, which we propose to address in Phase 2. First, we will scale up our evaluation of the core environment, among an increased geographic breadth, and diversity of users. Emerging feedback will continue to steer development, improving Pytch"s ability to support educators and learners of all types. Second, we will scale out the scope of the offering. As progress is being made in bringing computer science and coding into earlier stages of the national educational system, the blocks/text transition problem is pressing, and needs a holistic solution. Learning materials and support features built around the core Pytch environment will result in a classroom-ready framework to ease the learning pathway across this difficult transition point. Our initiative will design this framework in a co-creation process with educators and learners, ensuring that the necessary supports to retain learners in the STEM pipeline will be in place exactly when they are needed.
  • Funding Agency
    • SFI
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2023
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2024
  • Title
    • Pytch: A Bridge from Block to Text Programming
  • Summary
    • The Pytch project aims to improve takeup of Computer Science (CS) in Ireland by smoothing the transition from 'beginner' programming environments to the mainstream tools used in later years and in industry. It will do this through the development of a new environment which brings a familiar Scratch-style programming model to the Python language. Beginner-oriented block-based programming environments are popular for introducing learners to computing and are widely used in both formal and informal settings. There is considerable evidence that students suffer a significant drop-off in engagement and confidence in their programming ability in the transition to text-based tools such as Python. Pytch will support learners at this crucial stage, where they often turn from viewing coding and CS as a fun, creative activity to seeing it as a drier and more difficult 'subject'. Learners will be able to continue using much of what they have learned through successful introductions to programming with Scratch as they move on to programming in Python. Pytch will achieve this by: (1) providing a browser-based environment that supports writing engaging multimedia content in Python, (2) retaining the Scratch programming model of Sprites and events so learners need not immediately learn an entirely new programming paradigm, and (3) providing a complete online environment, including tutorials, and other supports.
  • Funding Agency
    • SFI
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2022
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2022
  • Title
    • OurKidsCode: Delivering Family Creative Coding Workshops Nationally
  • Summary
    • Funding was awarded for the national roll-out and evaluation of the OurKidCode programme along with further research into Parental Involvement in Computer Science education.
  • Funding Agency
    • SFI
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2020
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2021
  • Title
    • OurKidsCode Phase 2: Supporting families continued engagement in computing
  • Summary
    • Phase 2 of the workshop extended the single-workshop model of the OurKidsCode project to encourage more sustained and deeper involvement through a 4-part workshop series and a community of practice. It involved the design, development and evaluation of this series and the expansion of the OurKidsCode offering to encourage continuing engagement and Parental Involvement in CS Education.
  • Funding Agency
    • SFI
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2019
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2019
  • Title
    • OurKidsCode
  • Summary
    • OurKidsCode is a joint project between Trinity College Dublin (TCD) and the National Parents' Council (NPC) which aims to promote and support parents/guardians who wish to engage their primary-school children's interest and activity in coding and Computational Thinking (CT). It proposes to do this through the design, development and delivery of family creative coding workshops which look at ways of engaging children and their families as computational co-creators. We are aiming to strengthen the social support around a child by engaging their peers, families, and community as learning partners as they pursue pathways into computing.
  • Funding Agency
    • SFI
  • Date From
    • 01/01/2018
  • Date To
    • 31/12/2018
  • Title
    • CTwins
  • Summary
    • The CTwins project is a cross-border initiative targeting teachers of subjects other than Computing in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland who want to use technology in the classroom but lack the confidence to do so. It aims to develop confidence in educators' capacity to use computational thinking through a playful and supportive introduction to computer programming.
  • Funding Agency
    • Google
  • Date From
    • 01/09/16
  • Date To
    • 01/04/17

Keywords

Computational thinking; Computer Education/Literacy; Computer-Aided Instruction; Digital Media; E-Learning; Educational/Instructional Technology; Information technology in education; Location-Aware Technologies & Urban Community; Mobile Communications; Multimedia; Teacher Education; threshold concepts

Recognition

Representations

Journal Reviewer, ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE) 2022-present

Journal Reviewer, Computer Science Education (CSE) 2023-present

Journal Reviewer, IEEE Access 2021

Conference Reviewer, IEEE Frontiers in Education (FIE) 2025-present

Founder and co-chair of the Computational Thinking for Life (CT4L) a special interest group which brought together academics from four higher level institutions (TCD, TUD, QUB and Cardiff University), educators, and industry (Microsoft, Google) 2014-2020

Commissioned by National Council for Curriculum & Assessment (NCCA) to write a report on Computational Thinking at Primary level to inform the development of the new Primary STEM Curriculum. 2018

External Examiner, BA Creative Digital Media, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Dublin 2007-10

External Examiner, BA Communications and Multimedia, Dublin Business School. 2006-09

Awards and Honours

NUI Postgraduate Fellowship 1993-1995

Memberships

ACM SIGCS Eire 2019 – ongoing

Educational Studies Association of Ireland (ESAI) 2019 – ongoing

Computers in Education Society of Ireland (CESI) 2013 – ongoing

Computing at School (CAS) 2013 – ongoing

the Institute for Systems and Technologies of Information (INSTICC) 2019 – ongoing

Association for Teacher Education in Europe (ATEE) - Teacher Education and Digital Technology R&D Community 2017 – ongoing