Publications and Further Research Outputs
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Millings, M., Burke, L., Annison, H., Carr, N., Surridge, E. & Robinson, G., A fork in the road: Probation unification in England and Wales two years on, Probation Journal, 2025
Millings, M., Burke, L., Annison, H., Carr, N., Robinson, G., & Surridge, E., Indifference, resistance, possibility: Probation staff perspectives on the introduction of professional registration, Probation Journal, 72, (2), 2025, p202 - 218
Annison, H., Carr, N. & Guiney, T., Parole Futures: Rationalities, Institutions and Practices, First, London, Bloomsbury, 2025, 336pp
Robinson, G., Annison, H., Burke, L. Carr, N. Millings, M., Surridge, E., Anchors Through Change: Exploring Identity Work in the Unified Probation Service for England & Wales,, British Journal of Criminology, https://doi.org/10.1, (azaf007, https://doi), 2025
Carr, N. & Maguire, N., Community Service Orders in Ireland: Implementation, Impact and Judicial Perspectives, Irish Probation Journal, 22, 2025, p169 - 188
McNeill, F., Boone, M. & Carr, N., Probation and parole in Europe: uses of, developments in, and prospects for supervisory sanctions, Crime and Justice, 2025
Annison, H., Burke, L., Carr, N., Millings, M., Robinson, G. & Surridge, E., Making Good?: A Study of How Senior Penal Policy Makers Narrate Policy Reversal, British Journal of Criminology, 2023
Carr, N. & Smith, R., Youth Justice - Local and Global., 1st, Sage, 2023
Robinson, G., Annison, H., Burke, L, Carr, N., Millings, M. & Surridge, E., Whose confidence? Regional leaders perspectives on building confidence in a reconfigured Probation Service., Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2023
Carr, N. & Robinson, G., Time and Punishment - New Contexts and Perspectives, Basingstoke, Palgrave MacMillan, 2022, 257pp
Burke, L., Carr, N., Cluley, E., Collett, S. & McNeill, F., Reimagining Probation Practice: Re-forming Rehabilitation in an Age of Penal Excess, 1st, London, Routledge, 2022, 268pp
Non-Peer-Reviewed Publications
Maguire, N. & Carr, N., Community or Custody? A Review of Evidence and Sentencers Perspectives on Community Service orders and Short-Term Prison Sentences., 2024
Research Expertise
Projects
- Title
- Comparing Penal Supervision
- Summary
- The scale, diversity and intensity of penal supervision (people subject to community sanctions and measures such as probation) has greatly increased in recent years, leading to suggestions that we have entered an era of `mass supervision". Three times as many people are supervised in the community as are imprisoned, yet there have been few in-depth attempts to understand the nature of supervision and its growth. This comparative research project explores supervision in situ across five nations: England, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The study will generate crucial knowledge about how supervision is experienced, practiced and governed, and the socio-political conditions that influence its forms and its development. The project team will employ diverse research methods - conducting qualitative interviews with practitioners, policy makers, and those experiencing supervision; as well as policy analysis, analysis of official statistics, and collecting experiential insights via digital ethnography. https://comparingpenalsupervision.com
- Funding Agency
- Leverhulme Trust
- Date From
- 2023
- Date To
- 2026
- Title
- Rehabilitating Probation
- Summary
- Rehabilitating Probation: Rebuilding culture, identity and legitimacy in a reformed public service is a three-year (2022-2025) ESRC funded research project that aims to examine the implementation, experiences and consequences of a significant and unprecedented programme of public service reform that has brought formerly outsourced probation services back into the public sector. https://rehabilitating-probation.org.uk
- Funding Agency
- Economic and Social Research Council
- Date From
- 2022
- Date To
- 2025