Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing & Biomedical Engineering

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Trinity College
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Dr. John Kennedy

Dr. John Kennedy

Associate Professor, Mechanical, Manuf & Biomedical Eng

3531896 4252

Biography

Dr. John Kennedy is Associate Professor in Vibrations, Acoustics and Dynamics at Trinity College Dublin. His current research centres on the use of advanced additive manufacturing techniques to design and fabricate novel acoustic metamaterials for environmental noise control. This includes the development of AI-driven optimisation strategies using deep learning to tailor metamaterial structures for specific acoustic performance goals. Building his expertise in aeroacoustics and noise control, Dr. Kennedy"s work explores the integration of acoustic design, data-driven optimisation, and emerging manufacturing technologies to create tunable, high-performance solutions for vibration and noise mitigation. His research group, comprising three PhD students and two postdoctoral researchers, is embedded within the Fluids, Acoustics and Vibrations research group, where he serves as co-lead. Dr. Kennedy continues to apply and refine advanced experimental techniques including advanced signal analysis techniques for applied acoustics, and turbulence characterisation (via LDV, X-hotwire, and high-speed PIV) to investigate complex noise generation and propagation phenomena. He also maintains interdisciplinary collaborations examining the effects of environmental noise on human perception, health, and cognitive performance in transport systems. He has secured over €2.5 million in research funding, including more than €1 million directly supporting the design and additive manufacturing of acoustic metamaterials. He works closely with Irish SMEs on the commercialisation of these technologies, notably through the H2020 SME Instrument project TANDEM. His industry-aligned research includes leadership roles in EU-funded projects such as WENEMOR, ALLEGRA, and ARTIC (FP7 Clean Sky) and the H2020 AERIALIST project, where he oversaw technical coordination, design reviews, and wind tunnel test campaigns. Dr. Kennedy has authored over 100 peer-reviewed publications and has served on scientific committees for the Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee of the Council of European Aerospace Societies and the International JVE Conferences. He is a Member of the Institute of Acoustic (MIOA) and an academic affiliate of the Association of Acoustic Consultants of Ireland (AACI). For 13 years he has acted as the Irish coordinator for the Institute of Acoustics" Diploma in Acoustics and Noise Control.

Publications and Further Research Outputs

  • Petr Eret, John Kennedy, Gareth J. Bennett, Effect of noise reducing components on nose landing gear stability for a mid-size aircraft coupled with vortex shedding and freeplay, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 354, 2015, p91 - 103Journal Article, 2015, DOI , URL
  • Petr Eret, John Kennedy, Paolo Castellini, Francesco Amoroso, Gareth J. Bennett, Experimental observations of an installed-on-pylon contra-rotating open rotor with equal blade number in pusher and tractor configuration, International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 15, (1-2), 2016, p228 - 249Journal Article, 2016, DOI , URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Kennedy, J., Carley, M., Holt, N., Walker, I., On-road and wind-tunnel measurement of motorcycle helmet noise, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134, (3), 2013Journal Article, 2013, DOI , URL
  • Kennedy, J., Holt, N., Carley, M., Walker, I., The influence of the acoustic properties of motorcycle helmets on temporary hearing threshold shift in motorcyclists, Acta Acustica United with Acustica, 100, 2014, p1129 - 1138Journal Article, 2014, URL
  • Ian Walker , John Kennedy , Susanna Martin , Henry Rice, How Might People Near National Roads Be Affected by Traffic Noise as Electric Vehicles Increase in Number? A Laboratory Study of Subjective Evaluations of Environmental Noise, PLoS ONE, 11, (3), 2016Journal Article, 2016, DOI , URL
  • Eleonora Neri, John Kennedy, Gareth J. Bennett, Characterization of Low Noise Technologies Applied to a Full Scale Fuselage Mounted Nose Landing Gear, INTER-NOISE 2015 - 44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering., San Francisco, CA., USA, 9-12 August 2015, edited by Maling G.,Burroughs C. , The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA, Inc., 2015, ppV001T01A005; 10 pagesConference Paper, 2015, DOI , URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Eleonora Neri, John Kennedy, Gareth J. Bennett, Aeroacoustic Source Separation on a Full Scale Nose Landing Gear Featuring Combinations of Low Noise Technologies, ASME 2015 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2015, San Francisco, CA., USA, 9-12 August 2015, ASME, 2015, ppV001T01A006; 11 pagesConference Paper, 2015, URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Patrick N. Okolo, Kun Zhao, John Kennedy, and Gareth J. Bennett, Mesh Screen Application for Noise Reduction of Landing Gear Strut, 22nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Lyon, France, 30 May 2016, AIAA, 2016Conference Paper, 2016, DOI , URL
  • Laurent Sanders, D.-C. Mincu, P. L. Vitagliano, M. Minervino, John Kennedy and Gareth J. Bennett, Prediction of the acoustic shielding by aircraft empennage for contra-rotating open rotors, International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 16, (7-8), 2017, p626 - 648Journal Article, 2017, URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Kun Zhao, Patrick N. Okolo, John Kennedy, Gareth J Bennett, 2D PIV measurement on the interaction zone between two parallel planar jets in a crossflow, AIP Advances, 7, (10), 2017, p105104Journal Article, 2017, URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Eleonora Neri, John Kennedy and Gareth J. Bennett, Bay Cavity Noise for Full-Scale Nose Landing Gear: a comparison between experimental and numerical results, Aerospace Science and Technology, 72, 2018, p278 - 291Journal Article, 2018, DOI , URL
  • Kun Zhao, Patrick Okolo, Yong Wang, John Kennedy, Gareth J. Bennett, An Experimental Characterization of the Interaction Between Two Tandem Planar Jets in a Crossflow, Journal of Fluids Engineering, 140, (11), 2018, p111106-1 - 111106-12Journal Article, 2018, DOI , URL
  • John Kennedy, Petr Eret, Gareth J. Bennett, A parametric study of airframe effects on the noise emission from installed contra-rotating open rotors, International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 17, (6-8), 2018, p624-654Journal Article, 2018, DOI , URL
  • Gareth J. Bennett, Eleonora Neri, John Kennedy, Noise Characterization of a Full-Scale Nose Landing Gear, AIAA Journal of Aircraft, 55, (6), 2018, p2476 - 2490Journal Article, 2018, DOI , URL , TARA - Full Text
  • H.J.Rice J.Kennedy and P.Göransson, Design of a kelvin cell acoustic metamaterial, ISMA 2018, Leuven, Belgium, (paper no 514), 2018Conference Paper, 2018
  • Dowling, L., Flanagan, L., Rice, H., Trimble, D., and Kennedy, J, The use of a benchmark periodic metamaterial to inform numerical modelling and additive manufacturing approaches, ISMA 2018, (paper no 518), 2018Conference Paper, 2018
  • Patrick N Okolo, Kun Zhao, John Kennedy, Gareth J Bennett, Numerical assessment of flow control capabilities of three dimensional woven wire mesh screens, European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, 76, 2019, p259-271Journal Article, 2019, URL
  • John Kennedy, Lara Flanagan, Luke Dowling, Gareth J. Bennett, Henry Rice, and Daniel Trimble, The Influence of Additive Manufacturing Processes on the Performance of a Periodic Acoustic Metamaterial, International Journal of Polymer Science, 2019, 2019, p1-11Journal Article, 2019, URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Kennedy, J., L., Flanagan, Dowling, L., Rice, H., Trimble, D., , The influence of additive manufacturing processes on the performance of a periodic acoustic metamaterial, International Journal of Polymer Science, Volume 2019, (Article ID 7029143), 2019Journal Article, 2019, URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Dowling, L. and Mao, H. and Flanagan, L. and Kennedy, J. and Cuenca, J. and Rice, H. and Trimble, D. and Göransson, P., A combined design-manufacturing-testing investigation of micro- To macro-scale tailoring of open poroelastic materials based on perturbed Kelvin cell micro-geometries, 2018, pp1163-1177Conference Paper, 2018, URL
  • Kun Zhao, Patrick Okolo, Eleonora Neri, Peng Chen, John Kennedy, Gareth J. Bennett, Noise reduction technologies for aircraft landing gear-A bibliographic review, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 112, 2019, p100589Journal Article, 2019, DOI , URL
  • Dowling L., Kennedy J., O'Shaughnessy S., Trimble D., A review of critical repeatability and reproducibility issues in powder bed fusion, Materials and Design, 186, 2020Journal Article, 2020, DOI , URL
  • Jennings, Simon; Kennedy, John, Detection and Evaluation of Amplitude Modulation From a Wind Energy Development, Ireland, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Volume 105, (Number 6), 2019, p1042 - 1052Journal Article, 2019
  • Kennedy John, Breakey David E., A simple model for the frequency dependence of turbulence length scales in jets , 2013, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 2013Conference Paper, 2013, URL
  • Pallas Marie-AgnÚs, Berengier Michel, KENNEDY John, MORGAN Phil, GASPARONI Sara, WEHR Reinhard, Noise emission levels for electric and hybrid vehicles - First results of the FOREVER project , 2014, 2014, pp10 - pConference Paper, 2014, URL
  • Okolo Patrick N., Zhao Kun, Kennedy John, Bennett Gareth J., Numerical Modeling of Wire Screens for Flow and Noise Control , 2017, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics , 2017Conference Paper, 2017, URL
  • Holt Nigel, Walker Ian, Kennedy John, Carley Michael, Motorcycle helmets and the frequency dependence of temporary hearing threshold shift , 2011, 12 , 2011, pp050001 -Conference Paper, 2011, DOI , URL
  • Carley Michael, Kennedy John, Walker Ian, Holt Nigel, The experimental measurement of motorcycle noise , 2011, 12 , 2011, pp040002 -Conference Paper, 2011, DOI , URL
  • Faulkner Jon Paul, Cassidy Matthew, Murphy Enda, Kennedy John, Rice Henry, Validation of Acceleration and Deceleration in proximity to Junctions under CNOSSOS-EU , Irish Transport Research Network Conference , 2019, 2019Conference Paper, 2019
  • Kennedy John, Dowling Luke, Flanagan Lara, Rice Henry, Trimble Daniel, The influence of additive manufacturing strategies on the performance of acoustic metamaterials , 9th EASN International Conference on Innovation in Aviation and Space , 2019, 2019Conference Paper, 2019
  • Kennedy J., Eret P., Bennett G.J., The Influence of Airframe Installation on the Broadband Component of CROR Noise, 19th CEAS-ASC Workshop and 5th Scientific Workshop of X-Noise EV, Broadband Noise of Rotors and Airframe, La Rochelle, France, , 23-25 September, 2015Oral Presentation, 2015
  • Kennedy J., Okolo P.N., Bennett G.J., A numerical and experimental investigation of the contribution of bay cavity resonances to landing gear noise, 20th Workshop of the Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee of the CEAS - Measurement Techniques and Analysis Methods for Aircraft Noise, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, 2016Oral Presentation, 2016
  • Kennedy J., Bennett G.J., A parametric study of airframe effects on installed contra rotating open rotor noise, 21st Workshop of the Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee of the CEAS - Aircraft Noise Generated from Ducted or Un-Ducted Rotors, Dublin, Ireland, 2017Oral Presentation, 2017
  • L. Flanagan, H. Rice, J. Kennedy, Sub-wavelength acoustic liner via "metamaterials", 21st Workshop of the Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee of the CEAS - New materials for applications in aeroacoustics, Rome, Italy, 2019Oral Presentation, 2019
  • L. Dowling, D. Heaphy, D. Trimble, J. Kennedy, Repeatability in additive manufacturing for metamaterials, 21st Workshop of the Aeroacoustics Specialists Committee of the CEAS - New materials for applications in aeroacoustics, Rome, Italy, 2019Oral Presentation, 2019
  • Roberto Merino-Martínez, Eleonora Neri, Mirjam Snellen, John Kennedy, Dick G. Simons and Gareth J. Bennett, Multi-Approach Study of Nose Landing Gear Noise, Journal of Aircraft , 57, (3), 2020, p517 - 533Journal Article, 2020, DOI , URL
  • H.J.Rice J.Kennedy P.Göransson L.Dowling D.Trimble, Design of a Kelvin cell acoustic metamaterial, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 472, (115167), 2020Journal Article, 2020, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • H.Mao, R.Rumpler, M.Gaborit, P.Göransson, J.Kennedy, D.O'Connor, D.Trimble, H.Rice, Twist, tilt and stretch: From isometric Kelvin cells to anisotropic cellular materials, Materials Design, 193(2020)108855, 2020, p1 - 15Journal Article, 2020, URL
  • Roberto Merino-Martínez, John Kennedy, Gareth J.Bennett, Experimental study of realistic low-noise technologies applied to a full-scale nose landing gear, Aerospace Science and Technology, 113, 2021Journal Article, 2021, DOI , URL , TARA - Full Text
  • Patrick N. Okolo, Kun Zhao, John Kennedy, Chigbo Mgbemena, Mkpamdi Eke and Gareth J. Bennett, Two-Dimensional Simplification of Complex Three-Dimensional Wire Mesh Screens, Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 34, (6), 2021, p1 - 13Journal Article, 2021, URL
  • Mark Anderson, John Kennedy, Naomi Harte, Low Resource Species Agnostic Bird Activity Detection, 2021 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS), 2021, pp34-39Conference Paper, 2021, URL
  • John Kennedy and Simone Garruccio and Kai Cussen, Modelling and mitigation of drone noise, Vibroengineering PROCEDIA, 37, 2021, p60--65Journal Article, 2021, DOI
  • John Kennedy and Daniel Deery, Performance enhancement of an automotive silencer using acoustic metamaterial baffles, Vibroengineering PROCEDIA, 37, 2021, p66--71Journal Article, 2021, DOI
  • Daragh O'Connor and John Kennedy, An evaluation of 3D printing for the manufacture of a binaural recording device, Applied Acoustics, 171, 2021, p107610Journal Article, 2021, DOI
  • Daniel Deery and Lara Flanagan and Gordon O'Brien and Henry J. Rice and John Kennedy, Efficient Modelling of Acoustic Metamaterials for the Performance Enhancement of an Automotive Silencer, Acoustics, 4, (2), 2022, p329--344Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • L. Dowling and J. Kennedy and D. Trimble, Effect of a modified energy density equation to achieve a more uniform energy input during LPBF for improved repeatability, Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 77, 2022, p607--615Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • Kai Cussen, Simone Garruccio and John Kennedy, UAV Noise Emission - A Combined Experimental and Numerical Assessment, Acoustics, 4, (2), 2022, p297 - 312Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • Agnieszka Ciochon, John Kennedy, Raphael Leiba, Lara Flanagan, The Impact of Additive Manufacturing on the Acoustic Performance of Novel Porous Materials, 28th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, Southampton, UK, 14 June - 17 June 20, 2022Conference Paper, 2022, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Ciochon, A., Kennedy, J., Culleton, M.,, Evaluation of surface roughness effects on additively manufactured acoustic materials, 30th ISMA conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, Leuven, Belgium, 12 - 14 Sept 2022, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • Muhammad, Kennedy, J., Additively manufactured composite metastructure for broadband vibration and noise control applications, 30th ISMA conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, Leuven, 12 - 14 Sept, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • Rice, H., Flanagan, L., Kennedy, J., Wright, T.,, An acoustic absorption system incorporating fluid-structure interaction, 30th ISMA conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, Leuven, 12 - 14 Sept, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • McGinn, A., Kennedy, J., Development of a Comprehensive UAV Noise Evaluation Platform, QUIET DRONES Second International e-Symposiumon UAV/UAS Noise, e-Symposiumon, 27 - 30 June, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • Byrne, S., Kennedy, J., The influence of helmets on sound localisation in motorcyclists, 51st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control, Glasgow, 21 - 24 Aug, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • Einicke, K., Kennedy, J., The impact of changing fleet makeup on airline noise emission, 51st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control, Glasgow, 21- 24 Aug, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • Harun, S., Einicke, K., Kennedy, J., Byrne, S., Noise mitigation of UAV operations through a Complex Networks approach, 51st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control, Glasgow, 21 - 24 Aug, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • Ogun, O., Kennedy, J. , Noise Attenuation Through Optimised Acoustic Metamaterials: A Low Form Factor Design for Targeted Noise Reduction, THERMINIC, Dublin, 28 - 30 Sept, 2022Conference Paper, 2022
  • Tomasz G Zieli"ski, Kamil C Opiela, Piotr Paw"owski, Nicolas Dauchez, Thomas Boutin, John Kennedy, Daniel Trimble, Henry Rice, Bart Van Damme, Gwenael Hannema, Rafa" Wróbel, Seok Kim, Shahrzad Ghaffari Mosanenzadeh, Nicholas X Fang, Jieun Yang, Baltazar Briere de La Hosseraye, Maarten CJ Hornikx, Edouard Salze, Marie-Annick Galland, René Boonen, Augusto Carvalho de Sousa, Elke Deckers, Mathieu Gaborit, Jean-Philippe Groby, Reproducibility of sound-absorbing periodic porous materials using additive manufacturing technologies: Round robin study, Additive Manufacturing, 36, 2020Journal Article, 2020
  • Agnieszka Ciochon, John Kennedy, Efficient modelling of surface roughness effects in additively manufactured materials, Applied Acoustics, 220, 2024, p109953Journal Article, 2024, DOI
  • Rebecca Wogan, John Kennedy, Crowdsourced cycling data applications to estimate noise pollution exposure during urban cycling, Heliyon, 10, (6), 2024, pe27918Journal Article, 2024, DOI
  • Agnieszka Ciochon, John Kennedy, 3D Printed Acoustic Materials for the Performance Enhancement of a Building Acoustics Silencer, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 268, (8), 2023, p206-214Journal Article, 2023
  • Sahan Wasala, Wenguang Zhao, Oluwaseyi Ogun, Lon Stevens, Raye Sosseh, John Kennedy, Tim Persoons, Acoustic Metamaterials for Electronics Cooling Fan Noise Reduction, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 268, (5), 2023, p3145-3153Journal Article, 2023
  • Karina Einicke, John Kennedy, Noise impact of changing flight routes: from planning to reality, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 268, (6), 2023, p2933-2942Journal Article, 2023
  • Agnieszka Ciochon, John Kennedy, Practical Guidance on the Additive Manufacturing of Acoustic Materials, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 268, (8), 2023, p194-205Journal Article, 2023
  • Muhammad, John Kennedy, Oluwaseyi Ogun, Design and fabrication of 3D-printed composite metastructure with subwavelength and ultrawide bandgaps, New Journal of Physics, 25, (5), 2023, p053015Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Jon-Paul Faulkner, Enda Murphy, Henry J. Rice, John Kennedy, Eamonn Bourke, Assessing rail-based environmental noise exposure using CNOSSOS-EU, Applied Acoustics, 207, 2023, p109322Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Agnieszka Ciochon, John Kennedy, Raphael Leiba, Lara Flanagan, Mark Culleton, The impact of surface roughness on an additively manufactured acoustic material: An experimental and numerical investigation, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 546, 2023, p117434Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Muhammad, Oluwaseyi Ogun, John Kennedy, Inverse design of a topological phononic beam with interface modes, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 56, (1), 2023, p015106Journal Article, 2023, DOI
  • Muhammad, John Kennedy, C.W. Lim, Machine learning and deep learning in phononic crystals and metamaterials " A review, Materials Today Communications, 33, 2022, p104606Journal Article, 2022, DOI
  • Faulkner, J.P., Murphy, E., Rice, H., Kennedy, J., Bourke, E., Railway Noise Modelling and Population Exposure Estimation Using Cnossos-Eu: Lessons from Ireland, SSRN, 2022Journal Article, 2022
  • Faulkner, J.P., Murphy, E., Rice, H., Kennedy, J., Comparing CRTN and CNOSSOS-EU calculation methods in the Irish context, Proceedings of 2020 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, INTER-NOISE 2020, 2020Journal Article, 2020
  • Zielinski, T.G., Opiela, K.C., Pawlowski, P., Dauchez, N., Boutin, T., Kennedy, J., Trimble, D., Rice, H., Differences in sound absorption of samples with periodic porosity produced using various Additive Manufacturing Technologies, Proceedings of the International Congress on Acoustics, 2019-September, 2019, p4505-4512Journal Article, 2019
  • Faulkner, J.P., Murphy, E., Cassidy, M., Kennedy, J., Rice, H., Europe's transition to strategic noise mapping under CNOSSOS-EU: Data needs assessment and recommendations in the context of Ireland, INTER-NOISE 2019 MADRID - 48th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering, 2019Journal Article, 2019
  • Karina Einicke, John Kennedy, Predicting airport noise impact to 2040: Traffic growth and technology uptake, Applied Acoustics, 227, 2025, p110229Journal Article, 2025
  • Flanagan, Lara, Heaphy, David, Kennedy, John, Leiba, Raphaël, Rice, Henry, Development of acoustic "meta-liners" providing sub-wavelength absorption, International Journal of Aeroacoustics, 19, (6-8), 2020, p310-323Journal Article, 2020
  • Bathla, Pranjal, Kennedy, John, 3D Printed Structured Porous Treatments for Flow Control around a Circular Cylinder, Fluids, 5, (3), 2020, p136Journal Article, 2020
  • Saini, JS, Dowling, Luke, Kennedy, John, Trimble, Daniel, Investigations of the mechanical properties on different print orientations in SLA 3D printed resin, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 234, (11), 2020, p2279-2293Journal Article, 2020
  • Bathla, Pranjal, Kennedy, John, 3D printed structured porous treatments for flow control with applications for noise and vibration control, Vibroengineering PROCEDIA, 31, 2020, p80-85Journal Article, 2020
  • Proffit, Matthieu, Kennedy, John, Dynamic response of auxetic structures, Vibroengineering PROCEDIA, 31, 2020, p1-6Journal Article, 2020
  • , Noise emission levels for electric and hybrid vehicles"First results of the FOREVER project, TRA-Transport Research Arena, 2014Journal Article, 2014
  • , The influence of the acoustic properties of motorcycle helmets on temporary hearing loss in motorcyclists, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 2014Journal Article, 2014
  • Jujhaar SINGH, John KENNEDY, Advancing noise reduction strategies for domestic air-source heat pumps, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 270, (6), 2024, p5601-5612Conference Paper, 2024
  • Oluwaseyi OGUN, John KENNEDY, Comparison of traditional and deep learning optimisation for the design of acoustic metamaterials, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 270, (10), 2024, p1352-1362Conference Paper, 2024
  • John KENNEDY, Sophie WELDON, Low cost modelling tools for the design of additively manufactured acoustic materials, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 270, (8), 2024, p3505-3515Conference Paper, 2024
  • Karina EINICKE, Kennedy JOHN, Re-surging airport noise: understanding aircraft noise dynamics during and after the COVID-19 pandemic at Dublin airport, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 270, (11), 2024, p789-797Conference Paper, 2024
  • Karina EINICKE, Kennedy JOHN, The future of airport noise: a comprehensive analysis of population exposure at Dublin airport 2023 to 2030, INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings, 270, (11), 2024, p798-805Conference Paper, 2024
  • Niklas Braun, John Kennedy, Natalia Lishchenko, Garret E. O"Donnell, Examining the Feasibility of Acoustic Resonance Testing (ART) for Quality Control in Manufacturing, IMC39, 2024, p10Journal Article, 2024
  • Einicke K., LeGriffon I., Kennedy J., Airport noise forecasting to 2050: Integrating the Blended Wing Body concept, Applied Acoustics, 239, 2025Journal Article, 2025, DOI
  • Ogun O., Rice H., Kennedy J., Bridging model and experiment in the design and validation of a sub-wavelength acoustic metamaterial, Journal of Applied Physics, 137, (19), 2025Journal Article, 2025, DOI
  • Khalaf A., Kennedy J., The Dual Impact of Winglets and Serrations on UAV Aerodynamic and Acoustic Performance, Drones, 9, (4), 2025Journal Article, 2025, DOI
  • F. Kerhervé, J. Fitzpatrick, J. Kennedy, Determination of two-dimensional space-time correlations in jet flows using simultaneous PIV and LDV measurements, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 34, (6), 2010, p788-797Journal Article, 2010, DOI , TARA - Full Text
  • Kennedy,J. & Fitzpatrick, J. , The Effect of Chevrons on the Turbulence Characteristics of Jets, paper no. 2010-4025, AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics, Stockholm, Sweden, June, 2010, 2010, pp1 - 19Conference Paper, 2010
  • Kennedy, J., Adetifa, O., Carley, M., Holt, N., Walker, I., Aeroacoustic sources of motorcycle helmet noise, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 130, (3), 2011Journal Article, 2011
  • Kennedy, J., Holt, N., Carley, M., Walker, I., Spectral filtering characteristics of a Motorcycle Helmet, Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 12, 2011Conference Paper, 2011
  • Kennedy, J., Carley, M., Holt, N., Walker, I., The effects of windscreen flow on noise in motorcycle helmets, Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics, 12, 2011Conference Paper, 2011
  • Kennedy, J., Carley, M., Holt, N., Walker, I., The Sources and Effects of Noise Exposure in Motorcycling, 161st Acoustical Society of America Conference, 2011Conference Paper, 2011
  • Gareth J. Bennett, John Kennedy, Craig Meskell, Michael Carley, Peter Jordan, Henry Rice, Aeroacoustics research in Europe: The CEAS-ASC report on 2013 highlights, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 340, 2015, p39 - 60Journal Article, 2015, DOI , URL
  • John Kennedy, Turbulence and Noise, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, February, 2018, Professor Mahdi AzarpeyvandInvited Talk
  • Kennedy, J., Holt, N., Walker, I., The influence of sound on the safety of vulnerable road users, SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, 2011Invited Talk

Research Expertise

  • Title
    The application of Deep Learning methods for breakthrough noise and vibration control using metamaterials
    Summary
    Sustainable development of society is only possible in the presence of an enduring effort to reduce the environmental signature of human activities. In this context noise mitigation will be one of the major challenges of the next decades and noise scenarios will change dramatically in terms of absolute levels and frequency content. Acoustic metamaterials (AMs) offer the potential for radical changes in our approach to noise and vibration control. These materials are non-intuitive and achieve properties previously considered impossible in natural materials. Traditional or human centered approaches to design are incapable of achieving optimal solutions in the vast design spaces offered by AMs. This research intends to overcome these challenges by developing Deep Learning methods for optimized, low-cost design tools. The application of these tools to the latest additive manufacturing technologies aims to achieve designs that, until recently, would have been considered unmanufacturable.
    Funding Agency
    Provost's PhD Awards
    Date From
    01/09/2021
    Date To
    31/08/2025
  • Title
    FOREVER
    Summary
    The FOREVER project (Future OpeRational impacts of Electric Vehicles on national European Roads) addresses future vehicle technologies, specifically electric and hybrid-electric vehicles and low-noise tyres, as part of the CEDR Transnational Road Research Programme Call 2012 on Noise. The project aims primarily to provide data and information on the potential future noise impacts and noise-related safety impacts of electric vehicles on national roads, the latter considering the safety of other road users. As such, this takes a different focus from much of the previous research in these areas, which has generally focussed on the noise impacts in city (low-speed) environments and the potential safety risks posed to pedestrians.
    Funding Agency
    CEDR
    Date From
    01/01/2013
    Date To
    31/12/2014
  • Title
    Noise-Adapt
    Summary
    In accordance with Art. 6.2 of the Environmental Noise Directive (END), the European Commission recently developed Common Noise assessment methods (CNOSSOS-EU) for road, railway, aircraft and industrial noise to be used after adoption by the Member States for the purpose of strategic noise mapping as required by Article 7 of the END. Noise-Adapt will provide a transitional needs assessment for adapting to CNOSSOS-EU in the Irish context for road, rail, air, and industry, including the administration of a standardised approach for population exposure estimation (Strategic Noise Mapping).
    Funding Agency
    Environmental Protection Agency
    Date From
    01/2/2018
    Date To
    01/06/2020
  • Title
    AERIALIST
    Summary
    AERIALIST aims at the application of acoustic metamaterial technologies to modify the intensity and the directivity patterns of aircraft noise sources in order to mitigate the community noise induced by the civil aviation. AERIALIST aims to: i)Extend acoustic metamaterial theory to take into account the effect of a realistic aerodynamic flow and comply to the strict weight constraints typical of the aeronautical applications. ii) Develop advanced numerical methods to simulate acoustic metamaterial in aeronautic operating conditions and characterize the mechanical properties required to achieve the target behaviour. iii) Use state of the art additive manufacturing technologies to develop new strategies for the manufacture of acoustic meta-materials in physically useful volumes and provide a roadmap for future development to higher TRL. iv) Provide a proof of concepts through the experimental validations of the most promising designs, evaluate the technical feasibility of noise-reductions devices based on the developed technology, and identify a possible roadmap to their practical realization.
    Funding Agency
    EU H2020
    Date From
    01/06/2017
    Date To
    31/05/2020
  • Title
    ALLEGRA
    Summary
    This project focuses on the design and testing of Main and Nose Landing Gear noise reduction concepts. The outputs of ALLEGRA will result in pragmatic, validated solutions which will reduce noise, emissions and improve fuel consumption. These solutions will be developed in conjunction with an EU aircraft manufacturer (Alenia) to ensure feasibility and to reduce time to implementation. During landing approach when engines are operating at low thrust the noise of the airframe contributes strongly to the overall noise signature of modern aircraft. Airframe noise is generated by airflow around components of the aircraft. The main sources of airframe noise are therefore the high drag elements such as landing gears and also the high lift devices on the wings. For larger aircraft, it is the landing gear noise that dominates. ALLEGRA will carry out conceptual design and aeroacoustic measurements in an open test section of a large low speed aeroacoustic wind tunnel, on complete reduced or full scale modular models of different configurations of main and nose landing gear.
    Funding Agency
    EU Clean Sky
    Date From
    01/01/2013
    Date To
    31/12/2014
  • Title
    Noise mapping for the minimal noise aircraft fleet
    Summary
    With the advent of the Environmental Noise Directive (END) population level modelling of exposure to aircraft noise has increased within Europe. Present noise exposure legislation focuses on airports whereas the greatest potential to implement noise reduction technologies lies with the airlines and aircraft manufacturers. This work focuses on the modelling the noise emission of the fleet of Europe's largest airline by passenger numbers, Ryanair. The noise reduction achieved at a fleet level will be evaluated and the impact of changing fleet makeup assessed. Noise contours generated with SoundPLAN show the noise effects of the different aircraft types of the historic, current and future Ryanair fleet under realistic operating conditions. The generated noise contours provide an evidence base for decision making within the airline for investments aiming to reduce noise levels around airports.
    Funding Agency
    Ryanair Sustainable Aviation Research Centre
    Date From
    01/09/2021
    Date To
    31/08/2025
  • Title
    TANDEM
    Summary
    TANDEM (Tuneable Acoustic Noise DampEning Materials) brings together expertise from acoustics, applied mathematics, and chemistry to deliver the next generation of acoustic materials. It will focus on the development of SoundBounce - an innovative new noise-cancelling metamaterial. The smart acoustic material can be used in the automotive, aerospace, construction, and power generation industries. SoundBounce provides a cost-effective way of absorbing harmful or unwanted noise, protecting people and structures.
    Funding Agency
    EU H2020
    Date From
    01/06/2019
    Date To
    31/05/2021
  • Title
    WENEMOR
    Summary
    The WENEMOR project has been developed in response to the requirements of the European Clean Sky Joint Technology Initiative to assess the aero-acoustic noise emissions for an advanced regional open rotor aircraft configuration. The consortium consists of 7 partners including two universities (Trinity College Dublin and Università Politecnica delle Marche), a large European wind tunnel facility (Pininfarina) and several SMEs (Eurotech, Teknosud, MicrodB and Paragon S.A.) with specific competences in design and manufacture and noise measurements and data analysis. The project utilises a proposed design for an advanced regional aircraft configuration for the model geometries with realistic modern blade profiles for the propulsion system. The project has designed, manufactured and tested a 1/7th scale model of the proposed open rotor aircraft design. The model consisted of a modular design featuring interchangeable tail pieces, variable fuselage length, engine pylon rotation and elongation and was controllable for angle of attack. The test campaign consisted of aero-acoustic measurements in an open test section of a large low speed wind tunnel for a wide ranging set of configurations.
    Funding Agency
    EU Clean Sky
    Date From
    01/09/2011
    Date To
    28/02/2013
  • Title
    The application of Deep Learning Methods for breakthrough noise and vibration control using Metamaterials
    Summary
    The past two decades has witnessed overwhelming research growth into phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials (AMs). These artificially engineered structures have breakthrough dynamic mechanical properties and wave phenomena that are unattainable from naturally occurring materials. Radically new approaches in transportation and energy production will substantially modify the urban and interurban acoustic landscapes. This project aims to apply recent advances in AI based deep learning (DL) methods for AM design optimization which will include the performance of the additive manufacturing technologies required to realize structures that were once imagined unmanufacturable. The research is conducted with Irish SME partner Lios.
    Funding Agency
    Irish Research Council
    Date From
    01/09/2021
    Date To
    31/08/2023
  • Title
    Advanced acoustic metamaterials for noise reduction, optimised for additive manufacturing technologies
    Summary
    In recent years a new class of acoustic materials with highly unusual properties has been proposed known as an acoustic metamaterial. These materials have the ability to alter the reflection, refraction or diffraction of sound in a controlled manner that is unlike any traditional or natural material. These metamaterials are often based on a complex geometric microstructure that must be precision manufactured to achieve the acoustic properties desired. Firstly this research will address the design of the material microstructure. Designs must be amenable to numerical simulations so that targeted behaviour can be achieved. The second challenge lies in successfully manufacturing the designed microstructure to the necessary precision. Finally the design loop will be closed as the physical test results are used to validate and develop the numerical simulations. This will allow an iterative design process which will expand our understanding of the physics and manufacture of these metamaterials with each iteration through the loop.
    Funding Agency
    Irish Research Council
    Date From
    01/09/2019
    Date To
    31/08/2023
  • Title
    Noise 2050 - Forecasting Ireland"s Future Soundscape
    Summary
    Noise 2050 is a pioneering research initiative aimed at predicting and assessing the future noise environment in Ireland by 2050. This project addresses the critical issue of noise pollution, which is a significant but often overlooked environmental and public health challenge. With increasing urbanisation, evolving transportation technologies, and ambitious climate goals, understanding and managing noise pollution has become more important than ever. The project will: 1.Forecast Ireland"s national soundscape out to 2050 (transport, renewables, new tech). 2.Engage citizens in the country"s first large-scale participatory noise-monitoring campaign. 3.Design & test next-generation mitigation solutions and provide policy guidance. Noise 2050 is about more than just reducing noise " it"s about creating healthier, more liveable cities for the future. Noise pollution is a growing public health concern, linked to heart disease, stress, sleep disturbances, and impaired childhood development. It"s also a significant barrier to achieving our climate goals, as many renewable energy technologies and transport innovations come with their own noise challenges. By understanding and predicting future noise levels, Noise 2050 aims to protect our communities, improve public health, and ensure a sustainable, quieter environment for generations to come.
    Funding Agency
    EPA
    Date From
    01/09/25
    Date To
    31/08/29
  • Title
    Sea-Scan
    Summary
    Sea-Scan is a pioneering project that uses undersea telecommunications cables for advanced maritime surveillance, with the aim of enhancing Ireland"s ability to detect and classify "dark vessels" " those operating without active transponders " within our coastal waters. Utilising Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and State of Polarisation (SoP) technologies, the Sea-Scan project repurposes existing fibre optic infrastructure so it can also serve as a vast network of underwater sensors. In addition, the system is capable of detecting potential threats to the cables themselves, such as from boats anchoring nearby or trawling, or from other seabed disturbances that could arise from accidental or deliberate interference with critical communications infrastructure. Advanced AI algorithms are applied to the data collected, enabling the system to detect vessels and assess threats, reducing false alarms. The Sea-Scan project is one of five to have successfully progressed to the Seed Phase of the Research Ireland"Defence Innovation Challenge.
    Funding Agency
    Research Ireland
    Date From
    01/01/25
    Date To
    31/12/25
  • Title
    Noise Impact of Drones and Electric Aircraft in Advanced Air Mobility
    Summary
    Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) represents a major shift in how people and goods will move through urban and regional environments in the coming decades. Powered by electric propulsion and automation, drones and electric aircraft are being developed at pace by major global players such as Amazon, Uber, Toyota, Airbus, and Embraer. These technologies promise faster, cleaner, and more flexible transport options"transforming short-distance mobility within and between cities. In addition to offering convenience, AAM has the potential to deliver substantial environmental and societal benefits. Electric propulsion can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional transport modes, particularly in last-mile logistics. By easing demand on ground-based traffic, AAM could also alleviate urban congestion, improve air quality, and reduce travel times. However, these benefits must be balanced against new challenges"especially those related to environmental noise. Noise is a key public concern in the deployment of AAM. Operating at low altitudes (100"600 meters), drones and electric aircraft can generate intrusive sound levels in populated areas, potentially disturbing residents and exacerbating the urban noise burden. According to a European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) survey, 73% of respondents identified noise as a primary concern regarding drone operations. This project, funded by the HEAD-Genuit Foundation, seeks to address these challenges by investigating the acoustic impact of AAM technologies on urban soundscapes and community perception. Through a combination of technical noise analysis and social research, the project aims to inform the design and regulation of quieter, community-friendly aerial systems that support sustainable and socially accepted transport futures.
    Funding Agency
    HEAD-Genuit Foundation
    Date From
    01/01/25
    Date To
    30/03/25
  • Title
    Atmospheric wind tunnel for aerodynamic research
    Summary
    The Windshape facility enables cutting edge experimental aerodynamics research. Wind tunnels are essential for studying the aerodynamic characteristics of objects such as aircraft wings, vehicle bodies, and propellors. The facility will be used to analyse airflow patterns, boundary layer effects and turbulence, which are fundamental concepts in mechanical engineering. A key research topic enabled by the facility is UAV aerodynamics. A strategic research initiative within the School is the Sustainable Aviation Research Centre. This research centre focuses on future aviation technologies including UAV / UAS devices.
    Funding Agency
    Research Boost Programme Stream 1
  • Title
    ADAPT - Improving the Audio performance of speakers through LED screens
    Summary
    This project will conduct research on the modelling and experimental testing of next generation audio equipment for theatres. The work is a collaboration between IMAX and the ADAPT centre and hosted in the Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Biomedical Engineering.
    Funding Agency
    IMAX Theatres International Limited
    Date From
    31/12/23
    Date To
    31/3/25

Recognition

  • Teaching Innovation Award (Faculty of Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Trinity College Dublin) 2015
  • Member of the Institute of Acoustics (MIOA) - The Institute of Acoustics is the UK's professional body for those working in acoustics, noise and vibration. It was formed in 1974 and is a nominated body of the Engineering Council, offering registration at Chartered and Incorporated Engineer levels. The range of interests of members embraces aspects such as aerodynamics, architectural acoustics, building acoustics, electroacoustics, engineering dynamics, noise and vibration, hearing, speech, underwater acoustics, together with a variety of environmental aspects.