Professor Brian Lawlor
PROFESSOR OF, Psychiatry
Publications and Further Research Outputs
Peer-Reviewed Publications
Devenney KE, Guinan EM, Kelly ÁM, Mota BC, Walsh C, Rikkert MO, Scneider S, Lalor B., Acute high-intensity aerobic exercise affects brain-derived neurotrophic factor in mild cognitive impairment: a randomised controlled study, BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 5, 2019
Sanders, M.L., Stuckenschneider, T., Devenney, K.E., Lawlor, B., Schneider, S., Rikkert, O., Marcel, G.M. and NeuroExercise Study Group, Real World Recruiting of Older Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment for Exercise Trials: Community Readiness is Pivotal. , Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2018, p10.3233/JAD-171083
O'Sullivan, M., Lawlor, B., Hannigan, C., Brennan, S., Robertson, IH. , Cognitive functioning among cognitively intact dementia caregivers compared to matched self-selected and population controls., Aging & Mental Health (CAMH), 2018
Devenney KE, Sanders ML, Lawlor B, Olde Rikkert MGM, Schneider S; NeuroExercise Study Group, The effects of an extensive exercise programme on the progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial., BMC Geriatrics, 2017
Meulenbroek O, O'Dwyer S, De Jong D, Van Spijker G, Kennelly S, Cregg F, Rikkert M.O, Abdullah L, Wallin A, Walsh C, Coen R, Kenny R.A, Daly L, Segurado R, Borjesson-Hanson A, Crawford F, Mullan M, Lucca U, Banzi R, Pasquier F, Breuilh L, Riepe M, Kalman J, Molloy W, Tsolaki M, Howard R, Jessica Adams M.O, Gaynor S, Lawlor B, European multicentre double-blind placebo-controlled trial of Nilvadipine in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease - The substudy protocols: NILVAD frailty; NILVAD blood and genetic biomarkers; NILVAD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; NILVAD cerebral blood flow, BMJ Open, 6, (7), 2016
Hannigan C, Coen RF, Lawlor BA, Robertson IH, Brennan S, The NEIL Memory Research Unit: psychosocial, biological, physiological and lifestyle factors associated with healthy ageing: study protocol., BMC psychology, 3, (1), 2015, p20
Kelly, Michelle E. Loughrey, David Lawlor, Brian A. Robertson, Ian H. Walsh, Cathal Brennan, Sabina, The Impact of Cognitive Training and Mental Stimulation on Cognitive and Everyday Functioning of Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Ageing Research Reviews, 2014
O'Regan C, Kearney PM, Cronin H, Savva GM, Lawlor BA, & Kenny R., Oscillometric measure of blood pressure detects association between orthostatic hypotension and depression in population based study of older adults. , BMC psychiatry, 13, (1), 2013, p266-
O'Luanaigh C, O'Connell H, Chin AV, Hamilton F, Coen R, Walsh C, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Molloy A, Scott J, Cunningham CJ, Lawlor BA, Loneliness and vascular biomarkers: the Dublin Healthy Ageing Study., International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 27, (1), 2012, p83-8
Ní Mhaoláin AM, Gallagher D, O Connell H, Chin AV, Bruce I, Hamilton F, Teehee E, Coen R, Coakley D, Cunningham C, Walsh JB, Lawlor BA, Subjective well-being amongst community-dwelling elders: what determines satisfaction with life? Findings from the Dublin Healthy Aging Study., International Psychogeriatrics / IPA, 24, (2), 2012, p316-23
Schnittger RI, Walsh CD, Casey AM, Wherton JP, McHugh JE, Lawlor BA, Psychological distress as a key component of psychosocial functioning in community-dwelling older people., Aging & mental health, 16, (2), 2012, p199-207
Ní Mhaoláin, A., Gallagher, D., Crosby, L., Ryan, D., Lacey, L., Coen, R.F., Coakley, D., Walsh, J.B., Cunningham, C.J., Lawlor, B.A. , Frailty and quality of life for people with Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment. , Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen , 27, (1), 2012, p48 - 54
Ni Mhaolain AM, Fan CW, Romero-Ortuno R, Cogan L, Cunningham C, Kenny RA, Lawlor B., Frailty, depression and anxiety in later life., International Psychogeriatrics, 24, (8), 2012, p1265 - 1274
Mulryan, N., Lawlor, B., McCallion, P., McCarron, M., Prevalence of Mental Health Issues in Older Adults with an Intellectual Disability., IASSID World Congress, Halifax, Canada, July 2012, 2012
O'Luanaigh C, O'Connell H, Chin AV, Hamilton F, Coen R, Walsh C, Walsh JB, Caokley D, Cunningham C, Lawlor BA, Loneliness and cognition in older people: The Dublin Healthy Ageing study., Aging & Mental Health, 16, (3), 2012, p347-52
Kennelly S, Abdullah L, Kenny RA, Mathura V, Luis CA, Mouzon B, Crawford F, Mullan M, Lawlor B, Apolipoprotein E genotype-specific short-term cognitive benefits of treatment with the antihypertensive nilvadipine in Alzheimer's patients--an open-label trial., International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27, (4), 2012, p415-422
McHugh JE, Fan CW, Kenny RA, Lawlor BA., Orthostatic hypotension and subjective sleep quality in older people., Aging Mental Health, 2012
Mulryan, N., Lawlor, B., McCallion, P., McCarron, M., Depressive Symptomatology and Sleep Patterns in an Older Irish Population with Intellectual Disability., IASSID World Congress, Halifax, Canada, July 2012, 2012
Schnittger RI, Wherton J, Prendergast D, Lawlor BA, Risk factors and mediating pathways of loneliness and social support in community-dwelling older adults., Aging & mental health, 16, (3), 2012, p335-46
Gallagher, D., O'Regan, C., Savva, G.M., Cronin, H., Lawlor, B.A., Kenny, R.A., Depression, anxiety and cardiovascular disease: Which symptoms are associated with increased risk in community dwelling older adults?, Journal of Affective Disorders, 142, (1-3), 2012, p132 - 138
Burke KE, Schnittger R, O'Dea B, Buckley V, Wherton JP, Lawlor BA, Factors associated with perceived health in older adult Irish population., Aging & mental health, 16, (3), 2012, p288-95
Collins O, Dillon S, Finucane C, Lawlor B, Kenny RA., Parasympathetic autonomic dysfunction is common in mild cognitive impairment., Neurobiology of Aging, 33, (10), 2012, p2324-2333
Gallagher D, Ni Mhaolain A, Crosby L, Ryan D, Lacey L, Coen RF, Walsh C, Coakley D, Walsh JB, Cunningham C, Lawlor BA, Dependence and caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment., American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 26, (2), 2011, p110-4
Gallagher D, Coen R, Kilroy D, Belinski K, Bruce I, Coakley D, Walsh B, Cunningham C, Lawlor BA, Anxiety and behavioural disturbance as markers of prodromal Alzheimer's disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment., International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 26, (2), 2011, p166-72
Sims R, Dwyer S, Harold D, Gerrish A, Hollingworth P, Chapman J, Jones N, Abraham R, Ivanov D, Pahwa J, Moskvina V, Dowzell K, Thomas C, Stretton A, Livestone S, Powell J et al. , No Evidence that Extended Tracts of Homozygosity are Associated with Alzheimber's Disease., Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 156B, (7), 2011, p764-71
Proitsi P, Hamilton G, Tsolaki M, Lupton M, Daniilidou M, Hollingworth P, Archer N, Foy C, Stylios F, McGuinness B, Todd S, Lawlor B, Gill M, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Owen M, Williams J, Craig D, Passmore P, Lovestone S, Powell JF, A Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia (BPSD)., Neurobiology of Aging, 32, (3), 2011, p434-442
Muireann Irish, Brian A. Lawlor, Shane M. O'Mara and Robert F. Coen, Impaired capacity for autonoetic reliving during autobiographical event recall in mild Alzheimer's disease , Cortex, 47, (2), 2011, p236-249
Romero-Ortuno R, Cogan L, O'Shea D, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA, Orthostatic haemodynamics may be impaired in frailty., Age and Ageing, 40, (5), 2011, p576-83
McHugh JE, Casey AM, Lawlor BA, Psychosocial correlates of aspects of sleep quality in community-dwelling Irish older adults., Aging & mental health, 15, (6), 2011, p749-55
Ní Mhaoláin AM, Gallagher D, Crosby L, Ryan D, Lacey L, Coen R, Bruce I, Walsh JB, Cunningham C, Lawlor BA, Correlates of frailty in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment., Age and ageing, 40, (5), 2011, p630-3
Romero-Ortuno R, Casey AM, Cunningham CU, Squires S, Prendergast D, Kenny RA, Lawlor BA, Psychosocial and functional correlates of nutrition among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland, Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging , 15, (7), 2011, p527-531
Gallagher D, Ni Mhaolain A, Crosby L, Ryan D, Lacey L, Coen RF, Walsh C, Coakley D, Walsh JB, Cunningham C, Lawlor BA, Determinants of the desire to institutionalize in Alzheimer's caregivers., American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, 26, (3), 2011, p205-11
McHugh JE, Lawlor BA, Exercise and social support are associated with psychological distress outcomes in a population of community-dwelling older adults., Journal of health psychology, 2011
Robinson DJ, O'Luanaigh C, Tehee E, O'Connell H, Hamilton F, Chin AV, Coen R, Molloy AM, Scott J, Lawlor BA, Cunningham CJ, Vitamin B12 status, homocysteine and mortality amongst community-dwelling Irish elders., Irish journal of medical science, 180, (2), 2011, p451-5
Joshua H. Balsters, Redmond G. O'Connell, Mary P. Martin, Alessandra Galli, Sarah M. Cassidy, Sophia M. Kilcullen, Sonja Delmonte, Sabina Brennan, Jim F. Meaney, Andrew J. Fagan, Arun L. W. Bokde, Neil Upton, Robert Lai, Marc Laruelle, Brian Lawlor, Ian H. Robertson, Donepezil Impairs Memory in Healthy Older Subjects: Behavioural, EEG and Simultaneous EEG/fMRI Biomarkers, PLoS ONE, 6, (9), 2011, pe24126
Gerrish A, Russo G, Richards A, Moskvina V, Ivanov D, Harold D, Sims R, Abraham R, Hollingworth P, Chapman J, Hamshere M, Pahwa JS, Dowzell K, Williams A, Jones N, Thomas C, Stretton A, Morgan AR, Lovestone S, Powell J, Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Morgan K, Brown KS, Passmore PA, Craig D, McGuinness B, Todd S, Johnston JA, Holmes C, Mann D, Smith AD, Love S, Kehoe PG, Hardy J, Mead S, Fox N, Rossor M, Collinge J, Maier W, Jessen F, Kölsch H, Heun R, Schürmann B, Bussche HV, Heuser I, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Dichgans M, Frölich L, Hampel H, Hüll M, Rujescu D, Goate AM, Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Nowotny P, Morris JC, Mayo K, Livingston G, Bass NJ, Gurling H, McQuillin A, Gwilliam R, Deloukas P, Davies G, Harris SE, Starr JM, Deary IJ, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Tsolaki M, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Mühleisen TW, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Klopp N, Wichmann HE, Carrasquillo MM, Pankratz VS, Younkin SG, Jones L, Holmans PA, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Williams J, The Role of Variation at AßPP, PSEN1, PSEN2, and MAPT in Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease., Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 28, (2), 2011, p377-387
Gallagher D, Ni Mhaolain A, Crosby L, Ryan D, Lacey L, Coen RF, Walsh C, Coakley D, Walsh JB, Cunningham C, Lawlor BA, Self-efficacy for managing dementia may protect against burden and depression in Alzheimer's caregivers., Aging & mental health, 15, (6), 2011, p663-70
Golden J, Conroy RM, Bruce I, Denihan A, Greene E, Kirby M, Lawlor BA, The spectrum of worry in the community-dwelling elderly., Aging & mental health, 15, (8), 2011, p985-94
Muireann Irish, Brian A Lawlor, Robert F Coen, Shane M O'Mara, Everyday episodic memory in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary investigation, BMC Neuroscience, 12, 2011, p80-
Romero-Ortuno R, Cogan L, O'Shea D, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA., Orthostatic haemodynamics may be impaired in frailty., Age Ageing, 40, (5), 2011, p576 - 583
Kennelly SP, Abdullah L, Paris D, Parish J, Mathura V, Mullan M, Crawford F, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA, Demonstration of safety in Alzheimer's patients for intervention with an anti-hypertensive drug Nilvadipine: results from a 6-week open label study., International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 26, (10), 2011, p1038-45
Coen RF, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA, Failure to demonstrate that memory improvement is due either to aerobic exercise or increased hippocampal volume., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 108, (18), 2011, pE:89-
Romero-Ortuno R, Walsh CD, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA, A frailty instrument for primary care: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)., BMC Geriatrics, 10, (1), 2010, p57 - 69
Gallagher D, Mhaolain AN, Greene E, Walsh C, Denihan A, Bruce I, Golden J, Conroy RM, Kirby M, Lawlor BA, Late life depression: a comparison of risk factors and symptoms according to age of onset in community dwelling older adults., International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, (10), 2010, p981 - 987
Lupton MK, Stahl D, Archer N, Foy C, Poppe M, Lovestone S, Hollingworth P, Williams J, Owen MJ, Dowzell K, Abraham R, Sims R, Brayne C, Rubinsztein D, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Powell JF, Education, occupation and retirement age effects on the age of onset of Alzheimer's disease., International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, (1), 2010, p30-36
Irish, M., Lawlor, B.A., O'Mara, S.M., Coen, R.F. , Exploring the recollective experience during autobiographical memory retrieval in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment., Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society , 16, 2010, p546 - 555
Blanco-Campal A, Coen RF, Lawlor BA, Walsh JB, Burke TE, Detection of prospective memory deficits in mild cognitive impairment of suspected Alzheimer's disease etiology using a novel event-based prospective memory task., Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, 15, (1), 2009, p154-159
Kennelly SP, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA, Blood pressure and the risk for dementia: a double edged sword., Ageing Research Reviews, 8, (2), 2009, p61-70
D Gallagher, A Ni Mhaolain, B Lawlor, The Imperative for Disease Modifying Treatments in Alzheimer's Disease, Irish Medical Journal , 102, (2), 2009, p37-38
Golden J, Conroy RM, Lawlor BA, Social support network structure in older people: underlying dimensions and association with psychological and physical health., Psychology, Health & Medicine, 14, (3), 2009, p280-290
Harold D, Abraham R, Hollingworth P, Sims R, Gerrish A, Hamshere ML, Pahwa JS, Moskvina V, Dowzell K, Williams A, Jones N, Thomas C, Stretton A, Morgan AR, Lovestone S, Powell J, Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Morgan K, Brown KS, Passmore PA, Craig D, McGuinness B, Todd S, Holmes C, Mann D, Smith AD, Love S, Kehoe PG, Hardy J, Mead S, Fox N, Rossor M, Collinge J, Maier W, Jessen F, Schürmann B, van den Bussche H, Heuser I, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Dichgans M, Frölich L, Hampel H, Hüll M, Rujescu D, Goate AM, Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Nowotny P, Morris JC, Mayo K, Sleegers K, Bettens K, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Livingston G, Bass NJ, Gurling H, McQuillin A, Gwilliam R, Deloukas P, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Tsolaki M, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, Mühleisen TW, Nöthen MM, Moebus S, Jöckel KH, Klopp N, Wichmann HE, Carrasquillo MM, Pankratz VS, Younkin SG, Holmans PA, O'Donovan M, Owen MJ, Williams J, Genome-wide association study identifies variants at CLU and PICALM associated with Alzheimer's disease., Nature Genetics, 41, (10), 2009, p1088-1093
Golden J, Conroy RM, Bruce I, Denihan A, Greene E, Kirby M, Lawlor BA, Loneliness, social support networks, mood and wellbeing in community-dwelling elderly., International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, (7), 2009, p694-700
A.V. Chin, D.J. Robinson, H. O'Connell, F. Hamilton , I. Bruce, R. Coen, B. Walsh, D. Coakley, A. Molloy, J. Scott, B.A. Lawlor, C.J. Cunningham. , Vascular biomarkers of cognitive performance in a community-based elderly population: the Dublin Healthy Ageing study. , Age and Ageing , 37, (5), 2008, p559 - 564
Lynch CA, Brazil J, Cullen B, Coakley D, Gill M, Lawlor BA, Hawi Z, Apolipoprotein E promoter polymorphisms (-491A/T and -427T/C) and Alzheimer's disease: no evidence of association in the Irish population., Irish Journal of Medical Science, 177, (1), 2008, p29-33
Irish, M., Coen R.F., Lawlor, B.A. ,O'Mara, S.M., Assessment of Behavioural Markers of Autonoetic Consciousness during Episodic Autobiographical Memory Retrieval., Behavioural Neurology, 19, (1-2), 2008, p3-6
Luanaigh CO, Lawlor BA, Loneliness and the health of older people., International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, (12), 2008, p1213-1221
Lynch CA, Moran M, Lawlor BA., Firearms and dementia: a smoking gun?, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, (1), 2008, p1-6
C, Rubinsztein D, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lovestone S, Holmans P, O'donovan M, Morris JC, Thal L, Goate A, Owen MJ, Williams J., Evidence for novel susceptibility genes for late-onset Alzheimer's disease from a genome-wide association study of putative functional variants, Hum Mol Genet, 2007
Morgan AR, Turic D, Jehu L, Hamilton G, Hollingworth P, Moskvina V, Jones L, Lovestone S, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Lawlor B, Gill M, O'donovan MC, Owen MJ, Williams J., Association studies of 23 positional/functional candidate genes on chromosome 10 in late-onset Alzheimer's disease, Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet, 2007
Chin AV, O'Connell H, Kirby M, Denihan A, Bruce I, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Cunningham C, Co-morbid and socio-demographic factors associated with cognitive performance in an elderly community dwelling Irish population, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 21, (12), 2006, p1150 - 1155
Cahill S, Clark M, Walsh C, O'Connell H, & Lawlor B. , Dementia in primary care: the first survey of Irish general practitioners , International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 2006, p319-324
Hogan MJ, Carolan L, Roche RA, Dockree PM, Kaiser J, Bunting BP, Robertson IH, Lawlor BA, Electrophysiological and information processing variability predicts memory decrements associated with normal age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD), Brain Res., 1119, (1), 2006, p215 - 226
McMonagle P, Hutchinson M, Lawlor B, Hereditary spastic paraparesis and psychosis, Eur J Neurol., 13, (8), 2006, p874 - 879
Lawlor BA, Clifford M, Motala F, Cassidy B, An audit of service utilization by graduates attending an old age psychiatry service, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 21, (12), 2006, p1215 - 1216
Shulman KI, Herrmann N, Brodaty H, Chiu H, Lawlor B, Ritchie K, Scanlan JM., IPA survey of brief cognitive screening instruments, INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS, 18, (2), 2006, p281 - 294
Cullen B, O'neill B, Evans JJ, Coen RF, Lawlor BA., A review of screening tests for cognitive impairment, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2006
Eustace A, Bruce I, Coen R, Cunningham C, Walsh C, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Behavioural disturbance triggers recognition of dementia by family informants, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2006
Irish, M., Cunningham, C.J., Walsh, J.B., Coakley, D., Lawlor, B.A., Robertson, I.H., Coen, R.F, Investigating the enhancing effect of music on autobiographical memory in mild Alzheimer's disease. , Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 22, (1), 2006, p108 - 120
Hogan M, Carolan L, Roche RAP, Dockree PM, Kaiser J, Bunting BP, Robertson IH, Lawlor BA , Electrophysiological and information processing variability predicts memory decrements associated with normal age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD) , Brain Research, 1119, (1), 2006, p215-226
Cooney C, Howard R, Lawlor B, Abuse of vulnerable people with dementia by their carers: can we identify those most at risk?, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 21, (6), 2006, p564 - 571
Hollingworth P, Hamshere ML, Moskvina V, Dowzell K, Moore PJ, Foy C, Archer N, Lynch A, Lovestone S, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Lawlor B, Gill M, Owen MJ, Williams J, Four components describe behavioral symptoms in 1,120 individuals with late-onset Alzheimer's disease, J Am Geriatr Soc, 54, (9), 2006, p1348 - 1354
Cahill S, Clark M, Walsh C, O'connell H, Lawlor B., Dementia in primary care: the first survey of Irish general practitioners, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 2006
Golden J, Lawlor B, Treatment of dementia in the community, BMJ, 333, (7580), 2006, p1184 - 1185
Moran M, Lynch CA, Walsh C, Coen R, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Sleep disturbance in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, Sleep Med., 6, (4), 2005, p347 - 352
Cullen, B, Coen RF, Lynch CA, Cunningham C, Coakley D, Robertson IH, Lawlor BA, Repetitive behaviour in Alzheimer's disease: description, correlates and functions, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20, (7), 2005, p686 - 693
Cullen B, Fahy S, Cunningham CJ, Coen RF, Bruce I, Greene E, Coakley D, Walsh JB, Lawlor BA, Screening for dementia in an Irish community sample using MMSE: a comparison of norm-adjusted versus fixed cut-points, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 20, (4), 2005, p371 - 376
O' Connell H, Lawlor B., Alcohol and heart disease-what do you prescribe?, Ir Med J., 98, (8), 2005, p230 - 231
Braam AW, Prince MJ, Beekman AT, Delespaul P, Dewey ME, Geerlings SW, Kivela SL, Lawlor BA, Magnusson H, Meller I, Peres K, Reischies FM, Roelands M, Schoevers RA, Saz P, Skoog I, Turrina C, Versporten A, Copeland JR, Physical health and depressive symptoms in older Europeans, Br J Psychiatry, 187, 2005, p35 - 42
Cullen B, Coen RF, Lynch CA, Cunningham CJ, Coakley D, Robertson IH, Lawlor BA, Repetitive behaviour in Alzheimer's disease: description, correlates and functions, International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, (7), 2005, p686 - 693
Talbot A, Bruce I, Cunningham CJ, Coen RF, Lawlor BA, Coakley D, Walsh JB, O'Neill D., Driving cessation in patients attending a memory clinic, Age Ageing, 34, (4), 2005, p363 - 368
Lynch CA, Walsh C, Blanco A, Moran M, Coen RF, Walsh JB, Lawlor BA., The Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Box Score in Mild Dementia, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord., 21, (1), 2005, p40 - 43
O'Connell H, Lawlor BA., Recent alcohol intake and suicidality--a neuropsychological perspective, Ir J Med Sci., 174, (5), 2005, p51 - 54
O'Reilly MA, Cunningham CJ, Lawlor BA, Walsh CD, Rowan MJ, The effect of the menstrual cycle on electrophysiological and behavioral measures of memory and mood, Psychophysiology, 41, (4), 2004, p592 - 603
O'Connell H, Coen R, Kidd N, Warsi M, Chin AV, Lawlor BA, Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the CANTAB paired Associates Learning Test, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 19, (12), 2004, p1207 - 1208
Dubois B, Duda JE, Feldman H, Gauthier S, Halliday G, Lawlor B, Lippa C, Lopez OL, Carlos Machado J, O'Brien J, Playfer J, Reid W, International Psychogeriatric Association Expert Meeting on DLB.Dementia with Lewy bodies, Lancet Neurol., 3, (1), 2004, p19 - 28
O'Connell H, Chin AV, Cunningham C, Lawlor BA, Recent developments: suicide in older people, BMJ, 329, (7471), 2004, p895 - 899
O'Connell H, Chin AV, Hamilton F, Cunningham C, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Lawlor BA., A systematic review of the utility of self-report alcohol screening instruments in the elderly, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 19, (11), 2004, p1074 - 1086
Moran M, Walsh C, Lynch A, Coen RF, Coakley D, Lawlor BA., Syndromes of behavioural and psychological symptoms in mild Alzheimer's disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 19, (4), 2004, p359 - 364
Lawlor BA, Behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia: the role of atypical antipsychotics, JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY, 65, (11), 2004, p5 - 10
Cahill S, Drury M, Lawlor B, O'Connor D, O'Connell M., They have started to call it their club", a survey of staff views of dementia-specific day care centres in Ireland, Dementia, 2, (1), 2003, p85 - 103
Hogan MJ, Swanwick GR, Kaiser J, Rowan M, Lawlor B., Memory-related EEG power and coherence reductions in mild Alzheimer's disease, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY, 49, (2), 2003, p147 - 163
O'Connell H, Chin AV, Cunningham C, Lawlor B., Alcohol use disorders in elderly people--redefining an age old problem in old age, BMJ, 327, (7416), 2003, p664 - 667
Tully AM, Roche HM, Doyle R, Fallon C, Bruce I, Lawlor B, Coakley D, Gibney MJ., Low serum cholesteryl ester-docosahexaenoic acid levels in Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study, Br J Nutr., 89, (4), 2003, p483 - 489
McCarron M, Lawlor BA, Responding to the challenges of ageing and dementia in intellectual disability in Ireland., Aging & mental health, 7, (6), 2003, p413-7
McCarron M, Lawlor BA., Responding to the challenges of ageing and dementia in intellectual disability in Ireland, AGING & MENTAL HEALTH, 7, (6), 2003, p413 - 417
Hawi Z, Sheehan K, Lynch A, Evans I, Lowe N, Lawlor B, Gill M., Late onset Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein association in the Irish population: relative risk and attributable fraction, Ir J Med Sci., 172, (2), 2003, p74 - 76
M. McCarron, M. Gill, B. Lawlor and C. Begly, A pilot study of the reliability and validity of the Caregiver Activity Survey - Intellectual Disability (CAS-ID), Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46, (8), 2002, p605-612
McCarron M, Gill M, Lawlor B, Begley C. , Time spent caregiving for persons with the dual disability of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's dementia: Preliminary findings. , Journal of Learning Disabilities, 6, (3), 2002, p263 - 279
Coen RF, O'Boyle CA, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Individual quality of life factors distinguishing low-burden and high-burden caregivers of dementia patients, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord., 13, (3), 2002, p164 - 170
Silverman JM, Smith CJ, Schmeidler J, Hollander E, Lawlor BA, Fitzgerald M, Buxbaum JD, Delaney K, Galvin P, Symptom domains in autism and related conditions: evidence for familiality, American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 114, (1), 2002, p64 - 73
Tyrrell J, McCarron M, Cosgrave M, Gill M, Lawlor B. , A longitudinal study of 289 people with Down's syndrome: results at year three., IASSID Europe Conference, Dublin, Ireland., 2002
McCarron, M, Gill, M, Tyrrell J, Cosgrave M, Lawlor B, ApoE e4 is a risk factor for dementia and premature death: Findings from a longitudinal study on persons with Down's syndrome:, World Genetics Conference. Brussels. , 2002
Lawlor B., Managing behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia, Br J Psychiatry, 181, 2002, p463 - 465
Eustace A, Coen R, Walsh C, Cunningham CJ, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, A longitudinal evaluation of behavioural and psychological symptoms of probable Alzheimer's disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 17, (10), 2002, p968 - 973
Lawlor, B, McCarron, M, Cosgrave, M, Tyrrell, J, Gill, M, , Responding to dementia care needs in persons with Intellectual Disability., IASSID Europe Conference, Dublin, Ireland., 2002
McCarron, M, Gill, M, Lawlor, B, Tyrrell, J, Cosgrave, M, Begley, C. , The Influence of Alzheimer's dementia on Time Spent Caregiving in persons with Down syndrome., IASSID Europe Conference, Dublin, Ireland., 2002
McCarron M, Gill M, Lawlor B, Beagly C., A pilot study of the reliability and validity of the Caregiver Activity Survey-Intellectual Disability(CAS-ID), J Intellect Disabil Res., 46, (8), 2002, p605 - 612
McCarron, M, Cosgrave, M, Tyrrell, J, Gill, M, Lawlor, B, Association between Age at Onset of Dementia and Age of Menopause in Women with Down's Syndrome. , IASSID Europe Conference, Dublin, Ireland., 2002
Tyrrell J, Cosgrave M, McCarron M, McPherson J, Calvert J, Kelly A, McLaughlin M, Gill M, Lawlor BA, Dementia in people with Down's syndrome, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, (12), 2001, p1168 - 1174
Lawlor BA, McCarron M, Wilson G, McLoughlin M, Temporal lobe-oriented CT scanning and dementia in Down's syndrome., International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 16, (4), 2001, p427-9
Kirby M, Denihan A, Bruce I, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, The clock drawing test in primary care: sensitivity in dementia detection and specificity against normal and depressed elderly, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, (10), 2001, p935 - 940
McCarron, M, Gill, M, Lawlor, B, Begley, C. , A pilot study of Reliability and Validity of the Caregiving Activity Survey-Intellectual Disability (CAS-ID), 11TH IASSID International Roundtable on Aging and Intellectual Disabilities. Luxembourg. , 2001
Lawlor BA, McCarron M, Wilson G, McLoughlin M., Temporal lobe-oriented CT scanning and dementia in Down's syndrome, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, (4), 2001, p427 - 429
McCarron, M, Gill, M, Lawlor, B, Begley, C. , The social and economic impact of caring for persons with the dual disability of Alzheimer's dementia and Down syndrome, Transforming Healthcare Through Research, Education &Technology Research Conference. Trinity College, Dublin. Ireland. , 2001
Buxbaum JD, Silverman JM, Smith CJ, Kilifarski M, Reichert J, Hollander E, Lawlor BA, Fitzgerald M, Greenberg DA, Davis KL., Evidence for a susceptibility gene for autism on chromosome 2 and for genetic heterogeneity, Am J Hum Genet., 68, (6), 2001, p1514 - 1520
Braam AW, Van den Eeden P, Prince MJ, Beekman AT, Kivela SL, Lawlor BA, Birkhofer A, Fuhrer R, Lobo A, Magnusson H, Mann AH, Meller I, Roelands M, Skoog I, Turrina C, Copeland JR., Religion as a cross-cultural determinant of depression in elderly Europeans: results from the EURODEP collaboration, Psychol Med., 31, (5), 2001, p803 - 814
J. Tyrrell, M. Cosgrave, M. McCarron, J. McPherson, J. Calvert, A. Kelly, M. McLaughlin, M. Gill and B. A. Lawlor, Dementia in people with Down's syndrome, International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 16, (12), 2001, p1168-1174
Fahy S, Lawlor BA., Lithium use in octogenarians, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, (10), 2001, p1000 - 1003
Fahy S, Lawlor BA., Discontinuation of lithium augmentation in an elderly cohort, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, (10), 2001, p1004 - 1009
Eustace A, Denihan A, Bruce I, Cunningham C, Coakley D, Lawlor BA., Depression in the community dwelling elderly: do clinical and sociodemographic factors influence referral to psychiatry?, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, (10), 2001, p975 - 979
Eustace A, Kidd N, Greene E, Fallon C, Bhrain SN, Cunningham C, Coen R, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Verbal aggression in Alzheimer's disease. Clinical, functional and neuropsychological correlates, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 16, (9), 2001, p858 - 861
Cosgrove, M., Tyrrell, J., McCarron, M., Gill, M., Lawlor, B., A Five Year Follow up Study of Dementia in Persons with Down's Syndrome: Early Symptoms and Patterns of Deterioration., Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 17(1) 5-11., 17, (1), 2000, p5 - 11
Denihan A, Kirby M, Bruce I, Cunningham C, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Three-year prognosis of depression in the community-dwelling elderly, Br J Psychiatry, 176, 2000, p453 - 457
Denihan A, Wilson G, Cunningham C, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, CT measurement of medial temporal lobe atrophy in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, depression and paraphrenia, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 15, (4), 2000, p306 - 312
Cosgrave MP, Tyrrell J, McCarron M, Gill M, Lawlor BA, Age at onset of dementia and age of menopause in women with Down's syndrome, J Intellect Disabil Res., 43, (6), 1999, p461 - 465
Cosgrave MP, Tyrrell J, McCarron M, Gill M, Lawlor BA, Determinants of aggression, and adaptive and maladaptive behaviour in older people with Down's syndrome with and without dementia, J Intellect Disabil Res., 43, 1999, p393 - 399
M. P. Cosgrave, J. Tyrrell, M. McCarron, M. Gill and B. A. Lawlor, Age at onset of dementia and age of menopause in women with Down's syndrome, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43, (6), 1999, p461-465
Kirby M, Bruce I, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Dysthymia among the community-dwelling elderly, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, (6), 1999, p440 - 445
Copeland JR, Beekman AT, Dewey ME, Jordan A, Lawlor BA, Linden M, Lobo A, Magnusson H, Mann AH, Fichter M, Prince MJ, Saz P, Turrina C, Wilson KC, Cross-cultural comparison of depressive symptoms in Europe does not support stereotypes of ageing, Br J Psychiatry, 174, 1999, p322 - 329
Cosgrave M, Tyrrell J, McCarron M, Gill M, Lawlor, BA, Determinants of aggression, and adaptive and maladaptive behaviour in older people with Down's syndrome with and without dementia., Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 43, (5), 1999, p393 - 399
Swanwick GR, Rowan MJ, Coen RF, Coakley D, Lawlor BA., Prognostic value of electrophysiological markers in Alzheimer's disease, Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 7, (4), 1999, p335 - 338
Coen RF, O'Boyle CA, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Dementia carer education and patient behaviour disturbance, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, (4), 1999, p302 - 306
J. Tyrrell, M. Cosgrave, J. McPherson, Z. Hawi, V. Trulock, J. Calvert, B. Lawlor and M. Gill, Presenilin 1 and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin polymorphisms in Down syndrome: no effect on the presence of dementia, American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 88, (6), 1999, p616-620
Prince MJ, Reischies F, Beekman AT, Fuhrer R, Jonker C, Kivela SL, Lawlor BA, Lobo A, Magnusson H, Fichter M, van Oyen H, Roelands M, Skoog I, Turrina C, Copeland JR, Development of the EURO-D scale--a European, Union initiative to compare symptoms of depression in 14 European centres, Br J Psychiatry, 174, 1999, p330 - 338
Kirby M, Denihan A, Bruce I, Radic A, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Influence of symptoms of anxiety on treatment of depression in later life in primary care: questionnaire survey, BMJ, 318, (7183), 1999, p579 - 580
Swanwick G, Lawlor BA., Is female gender a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?, Int Psychogeriatr., 11, (3), 1999, p219 - 222
Prince MJ, Beekman AT, Deeg DJ, Fuhrer R, Kivela SL, Lawlor BA, Lobo A, Magnusson H, Meller I, van Oyen H, Reischies F, Roelands M, Skoog I, Turrina C, Copeland JR, Depression symptoms in late life assessed using the EURO-D scale. Effect of age, gender and marital status in 14 European centres, Br J Psychiatry, 174, 1999, p339 - 345
Freyne A, Kidd N, Coen R, Lawlor BA, Burden in carers of dementia patients: higher levels in carers of younger sufferers, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, (9), 1999, p784 - 788
Copeland JR, Beekman AT, Dewey ME, Hooijer C, Jordan A, Lawlor BA, Lobo A, Magnusson H, Mann AH, Meller I, Prince MJ, Reischies F, Turrina C, deVries MW, Wilson KC, Depression in Europe. Geographical distribution among older people, Br J Psychiatry, 174, 1999, p312 - 321
Kirby M, Denihan A, Bruce I, Radic A, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Benzodiazepine use among the elderly in the community, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, (4), 1999, p280 - 284
Swanwick GR, Coen RF, Maguire CP, Kirby M, Walsh JB, O'Neill D, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, The association between demographic factors, disease severity and the duration of symptoms at clinical presentation in elderly people with dementia, Age Ageing, 28, (3), 1999, p295 - 299
Swanwick GR, Lawlor BA, Initiating and monitoring cholinesterase inhibitor treatment for Alzheimer's disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 14, (4), 1999, p244 - 248
De Deyn PP, Rabheru K, Rasmussen A, Bocksberger JP, Dautzenberg PL, Eriksson S, Lawlor BA, A randomized trial of risperidone, placebo, and haloperidol for behavioral symptoms of dementia, Neurology, 53, (5), 1999, p946 - 955
Denihan A, Bruce I, Coakley D, Lawlor BA., Psychiatric morbidity in cohabitants of community-dwelling elderly depressives, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 13, (10), 1998, p691 - 694
Swanwick GR, Coen RF, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Assessment of progression and prognosis in 'possible' and 'probable' Alzheimer's disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 13, (5), 1998, p331 - 335
Cosgrave MP, McCarron M, Anderson M, Tyrrell J, Gill M, Lawlor BA, Cognitive decline in Down syndrome: a validity/reliability study of the test for severe impairment, Am J Ment Retard., 103, (2), 1998, p193 - 197
Coen RF, Kirby M, Swanwick GR, Maguire CP, Walsh J, Coakley D, O'Neill D, Lawlor BA, Performance on the delayed word recall (DWR) fails to differentiate clearly between depression and Alzheimer's disease, Psychol Med., 28, (2), 1998, p495 - 496
Swanwick GR, Kirby M, Bruce I, Buggy F, Coen RF, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: lack of association between longitudinal and cross-sectional findings, Am J Psychiatry, 155, (2), 1998, p286 - 289
Cosgrave MP, McCarron M, Anderson M, Tyrrell J, Gill M, Lawlor BA, Cognitive decline in Down syndrome: a validity/reliability study of the test for severe impairment., American journal of mental retardation : AJMR, 103, (2), 1998, p193-7
Swanwick GR, Rowan MJ, Coen RF, Lawlor BA, Coakley D., Measuring cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer's disease, Br J Psychiatry, 170, 1997, p580 - 580
Lawlor BA, Aisen PS, Green C, Fine E, Schmeidler J., Selegiline in the treatment of behavioural disturbance in Alzheimer's disease, Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 12, (3), 1997, p319 - 322
Kirby M, Bruce I, Radic A, Coakley D, Lawlor BA, Mental disorders among the community-dwelling elderly in Dublin, Br J Psychiatry, 171, 1997, p369 - 372
Fahy S, Lawlor BA., Depression in the elderly revisited, Ir Med J., 90, (6), 1997, p224 - 226
Coen RF, Kirby M, Swanwick GR, Maguire CP, Walsh JB, Coakley D, O'Neill D, Lawlor BA, Distinguishing between patients with depression or very mild Alzheimer's disease using the Delayed-Word-Recall test, Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord., 8, (4), 1997, p244 - 247
Lawlor BA, Radcliffe J, Martinez R, Sunderland T, Murphy DL, Plasma levels of m-chlorophenylpiperazine following single oral dose administration of m-chlorophenylpiperazine and trazodone in human volunteers, Biol Psychiatry, 41, (6), 1997, p756 - 759
Martinez R, Molchan SE, Lawlor BA, Thompson K, Martinson H, Latham G, Weingartner H, Sunderland T., Minimal effects of dextroamphetamine on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in humans, Biol Psychiatry, 41, (1), 1997, p50 - 57
Swanwick GR, Rowan MJ, Coen RF, Lawlor BA, Walsh JB, Coakley D, Electrophysiologic responses to varying mnemonic demand: a "stress test" is not diagnostic in very mild Alzheimer's disease, Biol Psychiatry, 42, (11), 1997, p1073 - 1075
Marin DB, Green CR, Schmeidler J, Harvey PD, Lawlor BA, Ryan TM, Aryan M, Davis KL, Mohs RC, Noncognitive disturbances in Alzheimer's disease: frequency, longitudinal course, and relationship to cognitive symptoms, J Am Geriatr Soc., 45, (11), 1997, p1331 - 1338
M. Cosgrave, J. Tyrrell, H. Dreja, Z. Hawi, B. A. Lawlor and M. Gill, Lower frequency of apolipoprotein E4 allele in an "elderly" Down's syndrome population, Biological psychiatry, 40, (8), 1996, p811-3
Research Expertise
Projects
- Title
- The role of haemochromatosis mutations in Alzheimer's disease
- Summary
- Direct Costs: IRP61,356
- Funding Agency
- Health Research Board
- Date From
- 1/1/03
- Date To
- 31/12/04
- Title
- The utility of measures of electrophysiological and information processing variability in distinguishing between normal age-related cognitive decline, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)
- Summary
- Direct Costs: £45,820
- Funding Agency
- Health Research Board
- Date From
- 1/3/01
- Date To
- 1/3/03
- Title
- MRC Genetics of Neuro Degenerative Disorders
- Summary
- Project Period: 3 years. Direct Costs: IRP134,000.
- Funding Agency
- (MRC) U.K.
- Title
- Factors determining the non-detection of dementia in the community dwelling elderly
- Summary
- Direct Costs: IRP20,000
- Funding Agency
- Health Research Board
- Date From
- 1/10/99
- Date To
- 30/9/01
- Title
- Medial temporal lobe measurement in Alzheimer's disease: a useful diagnostic test
- Summary
- Annual direct cost £4000. Time spent: 5%.
- Funding Agency
- Health Research Board
- Date From
- 1/7/97
- Date To
- 30/6/98
- Title
- EURODARE (with Prof Woods, Wenger and Drs Lundh)
- Summary
- Annual direct costs 40,584 ECU. Time spent 5%.
- Funding Agency
- European Union DGV
- Date From
- 1/11/98
- Date To
- 31/10/99
- Title
- Transnational Project on Alzheimer's disease (with Professor Morton Warner and Professor Sally Furnish)
- Summary
- Annual direct costs 275, 000 ECU. Time spent 5%.
- Funding Agency
- European Union DG V
- Date From
- 18/12/96
- Date To
- 01/04/98
- Title
- Impact and course of depression in the community dwelling elderly
- Summary
- Direct costs £30,000. Time spent 5%.
- Funding Agency
- Health Research Board
- Date From
- 01/07/96
- Date To
- 30/6/99
- Title
- An investigation of APOE genotype in Down's syndrome in relation to age at onset and rate of progression of dementia (with Dr. M Gill)
- Summary
- Direct costs:£62, 863 044220/2/95/2/WRE/MB/JAT
- Funding Agency
- Wellcome Trust
- Date From
- 01/07/95
- Date To
- 30/08/98
- Title
- Genetics of Autism
- Summary
- Direct costs:£30,000
- Funding Agency
- Seever Foundation for Research in Autism, New York
- Date From
- 01/09/94
- Date To
- 31/08/96
- Title
- Alzheimer's Disease Unit
- Summary
- PI: Prof Davis Coakley. Annual direct costs: £80,000.
- Funding Agency
- Health Research Board
- Date From
- 01/07/91
- Date To
- 30/06/96
- Title
- Deprenyl in the management of behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease
- Summary
- PI: Brian A. Lawlor MD. Annual direct costs: $36,500.
- Funding Agency
- Somerset Pharmaceuticals
- Date From
- 01/10/90
- Date To
- 30/09/92
- Title
- Alzheimer's disease Research Center (Satellite Clinic)
- Summary
- Number: P50-AG05138. Center Director: KL Davis MD (BA Lawlor MD: Satellite Director). Annual Direct Costs:$150,000.
- Funding Agency
- NIA
- Date From
- 01/10/91
- Date To
- 31/09/94
- Title
- Cholinergic Treatment of Memory Deficits in the Aged
- Summary
- Number: P01-AG02219. PI: Richard C. Mohs PhD. Annual direct costs: $93,060 (Dr. Lawlor's Section)
- Funding Agency
- National Institute on Aging
- Date From
- 01/04/89
- Date To
- 31/03/94
- Title
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
- Summary
- Number: P50-AG05138. Center Director: Kenneth L. Davis MD. Annual direct Costs: $104, 464 (Dr. Lawlor's Section)
- Funding Agency
- National Institute on Aging
- Date From
- 01/09/89
- Date To
- 31/03/94
Recognition
Representations
Editor-in-Chief, Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine
Associate Editor, Journal of Serotonin Research
Associate Editor, International Psychogeriatrics
Associate Editor, Journal of Ageing and Mental Health
Awards and Honours
FRCPsych (Fellow). Royal College of Psychiatrists
Diploma American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
Memberships
MRCPsych (Membership of the Royal College of Psychiatrists)
MRCPI (Membership, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland)