At sundown the Stomoxys was replaced by the sandfly, Phlebotomus.

TCD MS 10516 folio 70 recto

TCD MS 10516 folio 70 recto

[12th October 1916] ilar to that on which it habitually feeds, and does not recognise so easily the exposed skin.
At sundown the Stomoxys was replaced by the sandfly, Phlebotomus. This tiny little creature is a still greater annoyance as it produces a prolonged irritation. Immunity is gradually developed against the bite of this insect. When first attacked it is almost impossible to gain relief until the skin bleeds from scratching; after experiencing the pest for some seasons, the irritation subsides in a few minutes.

Vespa orientalis: see observations made in India: – this species constructs its nest in the brick walls of the Arab houses. Like P. hebraeus it ventilates its nest by creating a current of air with the rapid vibration of its wings.